Same-Sex Marriage Essays (1947 words) - LGBT History,

Same-Sex Marriage Every country has their own set of rules and laws. One law all countries should have is the right to Same-Sex Marriage. Same-Sex Marriage should be legal all over the world for many different reasons. Since 2015, it has become legal in all 50 states of America, yet, there are still many conflicts and discriminations that the LGBT community has to face because some people simply just don't agree with this law. There will always be those who are against Same-Sex Marriage and those who are 100% for it, like myself. Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage will grant the LGBT community a right that for years has been taken from them. One of the main reasons why people are so Against Same-Sex Marriage is because they believe marriage should be between a man and a woman. The human race started with a man and a woman so it should continue to be that way forever. It is a very unhealthy lifestyle to live when two of the Same-Sex gets married. When two women or men get married, they don't even consider that a marriage. Many of those who are against Same-Sex Marriage believe that just because you call it a marriage doesn't make it a marriage because it's not between a man and woman. If society keeps allowing these unusual behaviors to happen calling it normal when they aren't, the world is going to turn into complete chaos. Plus, since many people are accepting these unusual acts to be gay or lesbian, many stop following the old fashion way of what marriage should really be. Another reason why people are so against Same-Sex Marriage is because many believe that Same-Sex Married couples can not raise a child or children properly. Building a family is one of the many dreams people have for the future. A man and a woman are the ones who bring a new life into this world and when two men or two women get married to each other, well they can't reproduce a child. Life is a cycle, a man and a woman have a child and then that child has another child and so on. If a Same-Sex Married couple are raising a child, they will try and many times succeed to convince them that being gay or lesbian is a good and okay thing but that's what people who are against Same-Sex Marriage want less of. In this society, it is very unusual and uncommon when people see a Same-Sex Married couple raising a child so they react in a negative way when they see such bizarre act. People don't want children being confused while growing up questioning as to why all their friends and classmates have a mom and a dad and they have two of the same parents. What are people supposed to tell them when they get asked such complicated questions to answer? Children need to be raised by a "normal" couple rather than one who doesn't know anything about values. Plus, statistics say, that kids without fathers are more than four times more likely to get into crime than kids with fathers, that's if they are being raised by two moms. Many times single parents have a hard time raising a child on their own because the child missed out on that mother or father figure they were supposed to have growing up. So a child needs one of each parents in their life and Same-Sex Married couples can't give them that. Marriage between a man and a woman is entirely different from two men or woman getting married and can not be considered the same thing. This is because they leave out the import ant purpose of what a marriage is about; the perpetuation of the human race and how to raise a child properly. There are so many reasons as to why I believe Same-Sex Marriage should be legalized everywhere in this world. There are many people who say it "goes against the Bible," yet there are many people who don't even believe in God in the first place. If you are a true believer of the Bible, then follow it, but why get in anybody else's business that's not yours? Religious

Sectionalism essays

Sectionalism essays Between the War of 1812 and 1828 many events took place that divided the still embryonic and developing United States into different sections with their own specifics interests and priorities. In 1816 Monroe was elected president. He went on a goodwill tour of the United States and brought about a feeling of nationalism and harmony to everyone. This was known as the Era of Good Feelings. Yet this was also the same time when the seeds of sectionalism began to germinate, and within a few years time, the country would be drastically divided. The birth of sectionalism began in December 1814 during the Hartford Convention. The Hartford Convention was a meeting of Federalists from New England to protest the War of 1812 and to revise the Constitution. The Federalists saw the war as impolitic, improper, and unjust. They rebelled by encouraging banks not to lend money to the government, by trading with Britain, and by not supplying militia. Some extremists even wanted to separate themselves from the Union! Obviously, the Federalists had a different view than the rest of the country about this whole issue; they were becoming very unpopular fast. The extremists were controlled by moderates, and before this secret convention was over, news of an American Victory arrived and the Federalists were discredited. One issue that helped bring about sectionalism in the U.S. was the tariffs. Due to the war, Congress was forced to double all tariffs; yet after the war was over, high tariffs still remained. The North and some of thewest were all for these tariffs which boomed their manufacturing and textile industries and protected them from foreign competition. The south, however, had a different point of view on this issue. They did not favor protective tariffs because they had no industry and they exported all of their cotton and tobacco, which in turn would mean that everything they bought from the north would be more expensive and inter...

The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms Essay

The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms - Essay Example The essay "The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms" analyzes a short story "The City Coat of Arms" written by Franza Kafka. It unveils layers of concepts and phenomena. It is unimaginable yet brilliant how such a miniature of the textual piece may have such a broad range of interpretations. The significance of the story ‘The City Coat of Arms’ lies in the multitude of phenomena it touches upon ranging from a diversity of human existence to common purpose of living to even larger than life realities, and yet converging the ideas in a simple notion of creation which is the essence of human existence. In other words, the significance of the work of Kafka lies in the connotation and explanation of the idea of creation and further explaining how every individual in this world is indulged in the act of creating something. The idea centers around a diverse array of an issue like how humans are divided along a range of societal and other logistical identities. The stor y touches upon how when this diverse array of individuals are engaged in some common act, there are difficulties and differences, yet the common ground is reached at a point often by virtue of consensus. Also, the story talks about larger than life realities, for instance, the construction of the Tower of Babel is itself an extraordinary idea since its purpose is to reach heaven. This serves an immense philosophical purpose since various arguments about bureaucratic culture can be explained with the help of the ideas propagated in the story.

Leadership and mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and mangement - Essay Example Since the concept of patient-centered care is increasingly emphasized in today’s healthcare environment, responding to patient feedback, grievances, and complaints are very important. Under this patient care model, patients have the right to file complaints and grievances if they are not satisfied with the health services received (Kaplan, 2014). Healthcare organizations are legally obliged to comply with federal regulations and Joint Commission standards while dealing with patient grievances and complaints (Dearmon, n.d.). This is inevitable for nurses to promote patient safety and to reduce their liability risk. Generally, patient grievances may be about unmet care expectations, offensive staff behavior, immediate discharges, compromising of confidentiality, treatment without informed consent, or any other unethical healthcare practice (ECRI Institute, 2010). According to Duxbury and Wittington (2005), addressing grievances involves difficult tasks as patients’ grieva nces can be different. An inexperienced nurse cannot easily handle the situation as there may not be a particular procedure for dealing with each type of patient grievances. As Devers, Pham and Liu point out (2004), even experienced nursing staff are not completely informed of the regulations and standards set by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Joint Commission, and other government entities. Hence they become confused when they are required to handle situations of patient grievances. Generally patients may not be familiar with the grievance process, and therefore it is the duty of the nursing staff to assist clients to file their grievances. According to O’Daniel and Rosenstein (2008), good communication is the key to the effective execution of the grievance process because proper communication will avoid misunderstanding, and hence will

Smoking cessation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smoking cessation - Essay Example Evidence Based Practice is essential to the medical practitioners that deal with the smokers since it is from the information gathered from the evidence based practice that nurses are able to ensure quality service delivery in the smoking and smoking cessation services. However, the nursing knowledge and clinical skills must be incorporated just as much as the appropriate evidence and integrate them with an understanding of the patient’s needs i.e. how to handle patients with smoking-related illnesses (Julia 2014). Remarkably, a partial frame of suggestions on the efficiency of intercessions to moderate the amount of deaths due to smoking in underprivileged regions via exploiting practical circumstances, preservation and provision of services; however, some mediation initiatives are hopeful but request for additional evaluation and familiarity in the field, from the nurses and medical personnel. In the past, there has been biasness in evidenced based practice in relation to smoking, where some information does not appear in the report such as the socioeconomic data on the smokers making it hard to come up with stable suppositions for all associates (Susan, 2012). Typically, the data is vital in any evidence-based practice as it generally helps the effecting of the smoking termination interpositions that can help decrease the rising rates in death, and smoking as for those communities that have occupied its peak peal. Decisively, the journal describes the key findings form the Smoking Toolkit study relevant to the smoking cessation policy for the past three years (2007 to 2010); the smoking tool kit study focused on surveys conducted monthly of representative samples of the population of England aged 16 years and above (the surveys were conducted every six months). The results shows that only a small number of smokers were familiar to the smoking cessation programs and had had discussions in the past one year and only a quarter of these smokers had gone on to the next step of the program- being offered a prescription or advised to see a stop smoking practitioner.

Isomerism in Molybdenum Carbonyl Phosphine Complexes

Isomerism in Molybdenum Carbonyl Phosphine Complexes Part A Preparation and Identification of the Isomers of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] Introduction Molybdenum carbonyl phosphine complexes with the general formula, [Mo(CO)4L2] where (L=PR3; R=Me, Ph etc) have an octahedral geometry. This means the complexes are able to display either cis or trans stereochemistry. Interconversion between the two isomeric forms is enabled through thermal Mo-P bond cleavage. Only the thermodynamically stable isomer of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is formed by direct reaction of Mo(CO)6 and PPh3. So in order to isolate both isomeric forms of the complex, [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] is used as an intermediate. The aim of this experiment was: The preparation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] by reaction of Mo(CO)6 with piperidine dissolved in toluene The preparation of cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] by substitution of piperidine with PPh3 The thermal isomerisation of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] to produce the trans isomeric form Characterization of the products by IR spectroscopy allowed the isomeric forms of each of the complexes to be identified, and the most stable form of the product to be deduced. Reaction Scheme Method Preparation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] A summary of the preparative details for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] is detailed in table 1.1 Volume Weight Molar Mass Molar Amount Equivalence Density cm-3 g g mol-1 mol g mL-1 Mo(CO)6 1.00 264.00 3.788E-03 1.00 Toluene 15.00 12.98 92.14 1.408E-01 37.18 0.865 Piperidine 10.00 8.62 85.15 1.012E-01 26.73 0.862 Table 1.1 The preparative details of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] Mo(CO)6 (1.00 g, 3.79 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of toluene (15 mL) and piperidine (10 mL, 9.62 g, 101.00 mmol), under an inert atmosphere with stirring at 110 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 2 hours under reflux. The resultant yellow mixture was filtered under vacuum for 15 minutes, washed with ice-cold 60/80 petroleum ether (210 mL), to yield a yellow crystalline solid of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2]. Yield (1.19 g, 83%); ÃŽ ½max/ cm-1 3250.88 (N-H), 2931.85, 2853.10 (C-H), 2011.73, 1877.24, 1756.58, 1706.11 (C=O), 1476.99, 1462.33 (C-C) In order to calculate the yield of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] formed, the following method was employed, with details summarised in table 1.2. Mass Obtained Molar Mass Moles Theoretical Yield Percentage Yield g g mol-1 mol g [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] 1.19 378.30 3.146E-03 1.433 83.05 Table 1.2 The yields for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] The theoretical mass of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] was calculated from its molar mass and the number of moles of the limiting reagent, Mo(CO)6 , using the following equation eq.1.1 On formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] the yield of the complex was actually obtained to be 1.19 g. So in order to work out the percentage yield of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] formed, eq 1.2 was used Preparation of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer A) by Substitution of Piperidine with PPh3 A summary of the details of preparing [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) is given in table 1.3 Volume Weight Molar Mass Molar Amount Equivalence Density/ g mL-1 cm-3 g g mol-1 mol g mL-1 [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] 0.50 378.30 1.322E-03 1.00 PPh3 0.75 262.29 2.859E-03 2.16 CH2Cl2 10.00 13.25 84.93 1.560E-01 118.04 1.325 [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] (0.50 g, 1.32 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.75 g, 2.86 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (10 mL) were refluxed at 40 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C, under an inert atmosphere for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Then methanol (15 mL) was added to the mixture and cooled in the freezer for 30 minutes. The precipitate was filtered under vacuum for 15 minutes which yielded a pale-yellow solid of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2](isomer A). Yield (0.43 g, 44%); ÃŽ ½max/ cm-1 2925.53 (C-H), 2011.26, 1876.74, 1756.04, 1706.81 (C=O), 1462.87 (C=C). The yields of the product, [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) are summarized in table 1.4. Mass Obtained Molar Mass Moles Theoretical Yield Percentage Yield g g mol-1 mol g [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer A) 0.43 732.58 5.870E-04 0.968 44.41 As before using eq.1.1 and eq.1.2 the percentage yield was calculated from the theoretical yield. However in this case the limiting reagent was found to be [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] Preparation of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer B) by Thermal Isomerisation of Isomer A Table 1.5 shows a summary of the preparative details of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer B) Volume Weight Molar Mass Molar Amount Equivalence Density cm-3 g g mol-1 mol g mL-1 [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer A) 0.40 732.58 5.460E-04 1.00 Toluene 4.00 3.46 92.14 3.755E-02 68.77 0.865 Since isomer A was produced in a relatively low yield, the thermal isomerisation reaction was scaled so that only 0.4 g of isomer A was used. [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) (0.40 g, 0.55 mmol) was added to toluene (4 mL) and stirred under reflux at 110 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 30 minutes under an inert atmosphere. The solution was cooled to room temperature and 60/80 petroleum ether (9 mL) was added to aid precipitation. The resultant mixure was filtered under vacuum for 15 minutes, rinsed with 60/80 petroleum ether (2 x 5 mL), which yielded a brown solid of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer B). Yield (0.26 g, 65%); ÃŽ ½max/ cm-1 3056.60 (C-H), 1873.38 (C=O), 1476.92, 1431.71 (C=C). The yields of the product, [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer B) are summarized in table 1.6 Mass Obtained Molar Mass Moles Theoretical Yield Percentage Yield g g mol-1 mol g [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer B) 0.26 732.58 3.549E-04 0.400 65.00 As before using eq.1.1 and eq.1.2 the percentage yield was calculated from the theoretical yield. Results and Discussion This experiment involved the isolation of the two geometrical isomers of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. Only one of these isomers can be isolated from the direct reaction of PPh3 with [Mo(CO)6]. This reaction requires a long reaction time and high temperatures but yields the more thermodynamically stable geometrical isomer. So in order to isolate the isomer B, an alternative synthetic route was employed. A precursor in the form of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] was used to yield isomer B, since PPh3 is now able to readily substitute piperidine. This method relies on the nature of the ligands. Piperidine is a weak field ligand, and so forms a relatively weak dative bond with the molybdenum ion. However, PPh3 is a strong field ligand and so binds strongly with the central metal ion. This means PPh3 easily displaces the piperidine ligands to give rise to the isomer B form of the complex [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. The first part of the reaction involved the preparation of the intermediate [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] which is a yellow solid which is in agreement with literature. The complex was formed in good yield at 83%. The infrared spectrum of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] shows four peaks corresponding to C=O vibrations at 2011.73, 1877.24, 1756.58 and 1706.11 cm-1 (lit). This suggests the isomer of the complex formed is the cis geometrical isomer. This can be explained by employing a group theory technique, which uses an unshifted C=O bonds procedure, as illustrated in figure. E C2 ÏÆ'(xz) ÏÆ'(yz) à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO 4 0 2 2 Cis-[Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] has C2V symmetry and the irreducible representation of unshifted bonds is deduced to be 2A1 + B1 + B2. Since all of these operations are IR active, four peaks are expected in the carbonyl region of the spectrum. In the IR spectrum there is also a peak at 3250.88 which corresponds to an N-H bond. This is indicative of unreacted piperidine. The presence of residual piperidine did not negatively affect the experiment to any significant extent. The synthesis of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) yielded a pale yellow solid as reported by. The complex produced a 44% yield which affected the proceedings of the reaction as enough product was not formed. This meant the subsequent reaction had to be scaled down. The IR spectrum of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) displayed four peaks in the carbonyl region at 2011.26, 1876.74, 1756.04 and 1706.81 cm-1 which were similar to those reported in the literature. The compound was also determined to have C2V symmetry which would therefore be expected to give rise to 4 peaks in the spectrum. Therefore isomer A is cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. As a result, it can be deduced that isomer B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is the trans geometrical isomer. The trans isomer has a D4h point group and so is expected to produce a single peak in the IR spectrum. As predicted, the spectrum of isomer B has a peak in the carbonyl region at only 1873.38 cm-1. The trans-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] isomer was a brown solid and produced at a reasonable yield of 65%. The trans isomeric form of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is the thermodynamically more stable form of the two isomers. The trans isomer required more vigorous reaction condition such as the solvent heated to 110 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C and a longer reaction time as opposed to the milder conditions used for the formation of the cis isomer. The trans isomer places the two bulky PPh3 ligands as far as possible from one another, at 180 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ° apart, which gives the complex the lowest possible energy. Cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is the kinetic product of the reaction since it forms at a faster rate. This is because the activation energy barrier is much smaller, as reflected by the mild conditions imposed (40 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C toluene, 15 minute reflux). Conclusion The synthesis of all three complexes was successful. A good yield was obtained for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] at 83%. However, isomer A of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] was produced at a relatively low yield of 44%, in comparison to 65% produced for isomer B. The low yield of isomer A affected the proceedings of the subsequent steps of the reaction, and so required a scaling down of reagents used from this point onwards. The infrared spectrum of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] produced four C=O stretching bands at 2011.73, 1877.24, 1756.58 and 1706.11 cm-1; which matched those reported in literature. This suggested that the complex had a cis geometry and therefore the point group of the complex is C2V. For isomer A of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2], the point group was also inferred to be C2V. using the method of unshifted C=O bonds, it was determined that four peaks are expected in the spectrum corresponding to C=O vibrations. The infrared spectrum obtained did indeed have four bands at 2011.26, 1876.74, 1756.04 and 1706.81 cm-1. This shows good correlation with the predictions from group theory. For isomer B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2], the spectrum displayed a single peak at 1873.38 cm-1 which corresponds to C=O. The geometry of the complex is therefore confirmed to be trans, and the point group deduced to be D4h for the complex. The colours of the complexes showed good agreement with that reported in literature. The intermediate complex [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] was yellow in colour. The cis isomer of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] was pale yellow, whilst the trans isomer was brown. To summarize the products were produced in reasonable yield, and the IR spectra along with group theory allowed the distinction of the isomeric forms of the complexes. Questions A complex ion is formed when a d-block transition metal ion forms a coordinate bond by accepting a pair of electrons from a ligand. A ligand is an ion or molecule that surrounds the metal ion and is able to donate a pair of electrons to it. This means the ligand is a Lewis base, whilst the central metal ion functions as a Lewis acid. There are two types of bonding between a d-block transition metal and a ligand, namely ÏÆ'-bonding and Ï€-bonding. ÏÆ'-bonding is present in all interactions between a metal and ligand because the lone pair of the ligand lies on the internuclear axis. However, some ligands are able to participate in Ï€-bonding interactions. A ligand is said to be a Ï€-donor ligand if the interaction involves donation of electron density from a filled orbital towards an empty metal orbital. It is also possible for a ligand to be a Ï€-acceptor ligand. In this case, electron density is donated from a filled orbital on the metal to an empty orbital on the ligand. The bonding between a d-block transition metal and specific ligands is discussed below: C≠¡O Carbon monoxide is a strong field ligand with its position high in the spectrochemical series, which means that it gives rise to low spin complexes, due to the fact that it has a large value of Δoct. There are two components that describe the metal carbonyl bonding. ÏÆ'-bonding – when a lone pair of electrons from C≠¡O is donated to an empty d-orbital on the metal, this is known as ÏÆ'-bonding. Ï€-acceptor ligand – when electrons from the filled metal d-orbital are donated to an empty Ï€* acceptor orbital on CO, this is known as Ï€-back donation. CO is both a ÏÆ'-donor and Ï€-acceptor ligand. Since these components complement one another, this results in synergic bonding. In other words, the greater the ÏÆ'-donation the greater the Ï€-back donation. However the extent of backbonding does depend on the oxidation state of the metal and the electronic properties of the other ligands present. Structurally, as a result of synergic reinforcing components, the metal carbonyl bond strength is increased, but this means the C≠¡O is weakened, relative to free C≠¡O gas. This is due to an increase in the electron density of the antibonding Ï€* orbital. PPh3 Triphenylphosphine has a lone pair of electrons on P that it is able to donate to the transition metal centre, and so acts as a ÏÆ'-donor ligand as illustrated in figure†¦. The phosphine has a vacant orbital, so in theory it can also act as a Ï€-acceptor ligand. However, the 3d orbitals that are vacant on phosphorus may be of too high energy for Ï€-backdonation to occur. Instead the ÏÆ'* orbital contributes as the main acceptor component. The ability of a phosphine ligand to act as an acceptor is controlled by the identity of the R substituent. Since in PPh3, the substituent is phenyl which is not a very electron-withdrawing group, the Ï€ acceptor properties are weak. This is because the phenyl rings are not electron-withdrawing enough to lower the energy of the 3d orbitals on phosphorus. However, if the R substituent was replaced by an electron-withdrawing group, the Ï€ acceptor properties of the phosphine group would be greater. To summarise, PPh3 is a good donor but a poor acceptor. Piperidine The molecular formula of piperidine is C5H10NH and the structural formula is displayed in figure†¦. Piperidine can act as a ligand because the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons. However unlike CO and PPh3 it is classed as an intermediate field ligand. Piperidine is able to donate its lone pair of electrons on nitrogen to the transition metal centre, and so is said to act as a ÏÆ'-donor. However since the nitrogen atom only has one lone pair of electrons, it is unable to participate in Ï€-backdonation. [Mo(CO)4L2] where L exists as piperidine or PPh3 may exist as two different geometrical isomers: cis or trans. By considering only the C≠¡O bond of the compound in the infrared spectrum and by exploitation of group theory, the molecular arrangement of the compounds prepared could be determined. Cis For cis-[Mo(CO)4L2] the point group was identified to be C2V (since it has a C2 axis, ÏÆ'(xz) and ÏÆ'(yz) components). In the case of cis-[Mo(CO)4L2] the character table for C2V is CHARACTER TABLE C2V here Since only the C≠¡O bonds are being considered, the reducible representation of the number of unshifted C≠¡O bonds under each operation of the point group is detailed in table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E C2 ÏÆ'(xz) ÏÆ'(yz) à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO 4 0 2 2 The reduction formula provides a means of converting a reducible representation into a sum of irreducible representations Where ai= number of times an IRREP contributes to the reducible representation; h= total number of symmetry operations, nR= number of operations in a class; χ(R) = character in reducible representation; χIR= character in IRREP Therefore when the formula is applied to each line of the character table we get: So overall à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO = 2A1+B1+B2 The complex was then described in terms of vibrational modes, à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO E C2 ÏÆ'(xz) ÏÆ'(yz) à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO 2 0 1 1 Using table (C2v character table) it can be seen that A1, B1 and B2 are all infrared active. Therefore cis-[Mo(CO)4L2] would be expected to give rise to four peaks in the vibrational spectrum. The same process was carried out for the trans isomer in order to determine the number of IR active bands in the vibrational spectrum. Trans For trans-[Mo(CO)4L2] the point group was identified to be D4h In the case of trans-[Mo(CO)4L2] the character table for D4h is CHARACTER TABLE D4h here Since only the C≠¡O bonds are being considered, the reducible representation of the number of unshifted C≠¡O bonds under each operation of the point group is detailed in table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E 2C4 C2 2C2’ 2C2† i 2S4 ÏÆ'h 2ÏÆ'i 2ÏÆ'd à Ã¢â‚¬Å"3N 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 2 0 As before the reduction formula was used to convert the reducible representation into a sum of irreducible representations Therefore when the formula is applied to each line of the character table we get: E 2C4 C2 2C2’ 2C2† i 2S4 ÏÆ'h 2ÏÆ'i 2ÏÆ'd ai A1g 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 4 0 1 A2g 4 0 0 -4 0 0 0 -4

Catherine Slopers Self-realization in Henry James Washington Square E

Catherine Sloper's Self-realization in Henry James' Washington Square In his essay, "Washington Square: A Study in the Growth of an Inner Self," James W. Gargano argues convincingly that the Henry James's novel, Washington Square, revolves around the emotional, psychological, and spiritual development of Catherine Sloper. With one small exception, Gargano makes his case so persuasively that it seems hard to believe that there could be any other view of Catherine and her role in the book. Yet, Gargano asserts that James scholars before him have persistently focused elsewhere leaving Catherine to be categorized much the same way her father characterizes her as dull and listless (Gargano 355, 357). Gargano rightly shifts the critical debate from fascination with the ethical conundrum of Dr. Sloper's behavior to concentration on the process of self-realization which takes place slowly and silently in Catherine's mind (Gargano 355). Finding proof of his thesis in the exacting way James investigates Catherine's growth, Gargano sees that James has purposely shown Catherine as innocent in the beginning of the story to demonstrate a contrast to who she becomes as she begins to wake up to herself as the story progresses, and contends that upon meeting Townsend, Catherine "emerg[es] from a sort of dormancy" (Gorgano 356). Gorgano astutely points out that meeting Townsend is not a horrible mishap in the life of Catherine Sloper, but an event which catalyzes the girl to mature in her thinking and feeling. Gargano pays special attention not only to Catherine's behavioral changes, but to the way James notes those changes as part of an inner process (Gargano 356). From her deceptive replies to her father's straight forward questions t... ...orsel of fancywork, [and] seat[ing] herself with it again-for life, as it were" imply an empty period of waiting for death (Gargano 362, James 219). This interpretation of the end of Washington Square is inconsistent with Gargano's earlier contentions, and should be re-examined. Another possible and significantly more powerful interpretation of the ending of the book-that James is showing Catherine as fully self-contained and ultimately satisfied with the choices that she has made-makes more sense. Despite his final reticence, the quality of his thinking and the quantity of his evidence suggest that James Gargano has a good understanding of Henry James's main artistic occupation in writing Washington Square. Works Cited Gargano, James W. "Washington Square: A Study in the growth of an Inner Self." James, Henry. Washington Square. New York: Signet, 1979.

A Local Environmental Issue

Over the past centuries, people have engaged in many activities that brought about changes in the quality of air in Metropolitan Manila, the greater metropolitan area of the city of Manila, the National capital of the Philippines.   These changes were introduced with the construction of cities and during the onset of the industrial Revolution.   Urban construction, transportation and industrial activities up to the present times have added new materials not normally found in air. Some of these changes are beneficial while others are harmful. These materials have changed the quality of the air.   The air that surrounds us contains substances which could be considered examples of natural pollutants such as ashes from volcanic eruptions, salt from the sea, and even pollen grains from plants.   These air pollutants if present in air in large amounts can cause harm to life and property. Human activities have added more pollutants to the air.   These air pollutants are of two groups:   Those that affect our health such as Particulate Matter or Suspended Particulates, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, Air Toxics, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons.   The other group of air pollutants are those that affect our environment, which cause harm by altering the properties of the air such as Ozone and Photochemical Smog and Depleters of Stratospheric Ozone. Transportation and industry have contributed much to the pollution of the air.   Motor vehicles are the major sources and contributor of pollutants in cities like Metro Manila.   Gasoline-fueled vehicles produce more particulates and oxides of nitrogen. Human activities have also upset the balance in ozone layer. Knowing the harmful effects of air pollution, what then should people do about it?   The most we can do is to reduce the amount of harmful substances that will enter the atmosphere and remove as much pollutants from the air as possible. Removing pollutants from the air is not as effective as preventing pollution and reducing pollution.   Preventing pollution is more effective and easier to do than removing pollutants from the air.   Nature often does this for us for examples the high rainfall and the frequent and strong typhoons cleanse the air for us.   However, we have no control over Nature’s self-cleansing schedule. References Santos, Gil Nonato C and Jorge P. Ocampo (2003).   Science and Technology I.   Rex Printing Company, Inc. Manila.            

Death penalty misc17 essays

Death penalty misc17 essays Thousands will die. They are victims of senseless murder, but should the murderous felons die as well? Capital Punishment is a major controversy. Debating whether they receive execution or spend the rest of their ruined lives rotting in a jail cell seems pointless. The government throws away these humans lives. We control the lives of these criminals and we should not waste them. We should use the thousands of them to better our society. Rather than capital punishment, the government should create work teams using death row criminals to better our communities. The death penalty has been debated since the beginning of humankind. Today a total of 94 countries and territories use the death penalty for ordinary crime, including the United States. In the other 57 countries in the world, the death penalty no longer exists. In some of the 57 countries, capital punishment is only banned for ordinary crimes and still effective for military crimes or crimes committed in exceptional circumstances such as Currently 34 of the states in the U.S. exercise capital punishment. The most recent to abolish capital punishment was Massachusetts, in 1984, and New York, in 1995, was the most recent to reinstate it, according to the NAACP. During 1977 and 1994, Texas executed the highest number of prisoners, a total of 85. As of 1996 there were 3,122 inmates on death row. These convicts could help with government labor with a hope that they might be free someday. Figures show that, with men, 80% decide in favor of the death penalty, and women the vote was 74%.. White populations vote 81% for capital punishment and blacks only 53% (Doan, 2). This information means that the general public will resolve to end the lives of these killers. By offering an alternative, these figures may alter themselves significantly. Those opposing the death penalty would obtain some level of...

What Is ACT Score Choice

What Is ACT Score Choice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you just got your ACT scores back, you’re probably wondering about the process of score reporting for college. "Score Choice" is technically more associated with the SAT Score Choiceprogram, but the ACT has a similar policy for its own test score reporting. It will allow you to feel much less stressed about results from individual test dates and instead focus on how to improve in the future. In this article, I’ll go over what Score Choice is and what it means for your ACT testing strategy. ACT Score Choice: The Basics Score Choice for the ACT is relatively simple.It means you have the option to only send scores from certain test dates to colleges rather than sending all of your scores.On the score report request form, you will be asked to list your college of choice and the test date you want to send on each line. For the ACT, you are charged a $12 fee for each test date you send (even if you’re sending them to the same college), so making smart choices about which ones you want to send is also financially responsible. For example, if you want to send two test dates to 10 schools, that means you'll be sending 20 separate reports - a total fee of $240! Because of this, Score Choice is an integral part of the ACT score reporting model. You have to go out of your way NOT to use it. That being said, you should know that not all schools want you to use Score Choice for the ACT. Some of the most selective schools, such as Yale and Stanford, ask that you send all of your test scores.Check the websites for the colleges where you plan on applying to make sure they allow Score Choice! What Does ACT Score Choice Mean for You? Since Score Choice is such a basic part of the ACT testing model, it's a good idea to factor it into your decisions about taking the test.ACT Score Choice means that you should: Take the Test More than Once Unless you get a perfect score on your first test, it’s advantageous for you to take the ACT more than once so you can improve your scores.Even if you don’t do much studying from one test to the next, your scores are likely to improve based on familiarity with the test format and the material. If you DO study a lot between tests, then your results will be even better! How many times should you take it? That depends. The general rule isno more than three four times;take a look at this article for more details. Don't stress yourself out too much, but keep in mind that if you have the chance to take the ACT three times, you’ll be able to send just your best score out of those three tests (for most schools). If you take the ACT a few times, you’ll also gain peace of mind in knowing that you didn’t pass up opportunities to maximize your scores.Score Choice means you can take the test more than once, turn a good score into a great score, and then only show colleges your best performance! Stay Positive Score Choice also means keeping your sanity when you get your results back from individual tests.No single test is the end of the world! If this is your first time taking the ACT, it’s likely that it won’t be your best score. You can use your test results to study more (especially if you order Test Information Release) and knock it out of the park next time.Most schools won’t ever see your lowest scores, so you should only concern yourself with them as a means of understanding and correcting your mistakes. If you can see what you did wrong on one test, you’ll be able to focus your studying on that area and avoid those same mistakes in the future. This blackboard was set up to encourage wagon trains traveling west in the 1800s. They thought they didn't have anything left to eat, but then they remembered to think positive and resorted to cannibalism. The Bottom Line Score Choice means that you can choose to send only your best ACT test scores to colleges.On the ACT, this is the rule rather than the exception because you'll pay per test date for score reports. It’s to your advantage both financially and academically to send only your best scores to colleges. Because of Score Choice, you should plan to take the ACT more than once and remember that one test score isn’t going to make or break your chances of admission.If you study between tests and learn from your mistakes, you'll improve your scores, and that low score you were so worried about will never see the light of an admissions office! What's Next? Some college also Superscore the ACT, meaning they take your best ever score from each subsection of the test and combine them for your best composite score. Here's a full list of schools that use ACT Superscoring. Wondering when you should take the ACT? Read this article to figure out the best dates for you. You should also check out our complete study plan for the ACTso you can keep up with your studying and make the most of every test date! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

STRATEGY EVALUATION AND REVISION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

STRATEGY EVALUATION AND REVISION - Essay Example Like all other aspects of life, sport has also been subject to certain modifications time and again. In modern times, sport has been subject to tremendous competition and rivalry. Sport England has come up with number of strategies to develop the community sport in England. The prime objective of the Sport England is to have a set of talented professionals by 2012 London Olympics. For this purpose various strategies like tapping young talents, recruiting expert coaches, maximising the number of volunteers, integrating the club framework are being adopted. Sport England has partnership with NGBs, Youth Sport Trust, local authorities. The analysis of the strategies of Sport England reveals that the steps are quite outstanding and has created a general interest among the mass for the development of community sport. The importance and relevance of sport in human life has long been understood and accepted. The best of the minds and talents, irrespective of their working spheres have acknowledged this fact. As the famous scientist Benjamin Franklin observed, â€Å"Games lubricate the body and the mind†, the relevance of sport can be related to the spectrum of daily or day-to-day life. In simple words, sport can be defined as an activity where the participating and competitive forces apply their physical and mental abilities to win over the competitor within a periphery of declared regulations. Though in United Kingdoms, the activity is known as ‘Sport,’ in United States, it is popularly called ‘Sports’. Today, sporting teams and their related activities with highly professional partners make an industry. Generally, we refer it as the sporting industry or fraternity.

Share Price Prediction and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Share Price Prediction and Analysis - Essay Example The following is a critical review of such literature. In addition, the discussion applies a synthesis of two approaches/models identified to predict the share prices for Tesco Plc from the publications of the firm’s financial statements for 2008 and 2009. Lastly, this discussion attempts to test the approach by comparing these two sets of predictions with actual share prices. A concluding remark, which comments on the results, winds up the paper. Approaches/Models for Predicting Share Prices In short-term or medium-term, different models or approaches are used in predicting the future prices of shares of various companies. Share prices of companies may take different forms such as linear, horizontal, cyclic, or seasonal as influenced by prevailing market and environmental factors (Hassan, et al., 2007). Due to lack of prediction methods that provide least prediction error, investors tend to apply numerous methods thereby comparing their results in a bid to finding the best mo del or approach to use (Chen, et al., 2003). ... Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a share price prediction method that is commonly used. For many years, ANN has been developed and restructured in order to provide efficient and effective performances on predicting share prices of firms in a stock exchange for purposes of investment (Tom, et al, 2000). Nonetheless, most predictors used single dosage of ANN (Kim and Shin, 2007). Application of single dosage in predicting share prices rarely provides an opportunity to discover the decision rule that the model uses while making the predictions (Hassan, et al, 2007). Artificial Neural Network is a share price prediction model or approach, which is created through stimulation of biological central nervous system of investors or predictors (Swales and Yoon, 2002). One of the reasons explaining its extensive application is the ability to predict share prices from large databases (Olson and Mossman, 2003). The idea of back-propagation algorithm is the basis of Artificial Neural Network in predicting share prices of firms. ANN back propagation function is usually represented by the following function: Where, xi is the sum of inputs, which is multiplied by their respective weights wji; Aj is the predicted share value under the ANN model; and n is the end period in which the valuation is carried out. Decision tree (DT) model on the other hand is a data mining model or approach used in predicting or forecasting share prices within a stock exchange market. One of the reasons for its extensive application is the fact that DT has an excellent ability and capability of describing cause as well as effect relationships of various stock prices. From the concepts or application of DT, investors are