Macbeth Quotes Explained

Macbeth, William Shakespeares bloodiest play, is one of the most quoted dramatic works in the English language. Memorable lines from the tragedy explore themes like reality and illusion, ambition and power, and guilt and remorse. Famous quotations from Macbeth are still recited (and sometimes spoofed) today in movies, TV shows, commercials, and even the daily news. Quotes About Reality and Illusion Fair is foul, and foul is fair:Hover through the fog and filthy air.(Act I, Scene 1) The Tragedy of Macbeth opens with an eerie, supernatural scene. Amidst thunder and lightening, three witches moan into the wind. They tell us that nothing is as it seems. Whats good (fair) is evil (foul). Whats evil is good. Everything is strangely reversed. The witches—also called weird sisters—are odd and unnatural. They speak in sing-song rhymes, but describe filth and evil. Theres an unexpected rhythm to their words. Most of  Shakespeares characters speak in iambs, with the emphasis falling on the second syllable: da-dum, da-dum. Shakespeares witches, however, chant in  trochees. The emphasis falls on the first syllable: Fair is foul, and foul is fair. This particular quote is also a paradox. By pairing opposites, the witches disrupt the natural order. Macbeth aligns himself with their twisted thinking when he echoes their words in Act I, Scene 3: So foul and fair a day I have not seen[.] Shakespeares witches are fascinating because they force us to question the natural order of things, as well as our notions about fate and free will. Appearing at key moments in Macbeth, they chant prophesies, spark Macbeths lust for the throne, and manipulate his thinking. Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to sight? Or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a false creation,Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?(Act II, Scene 1) The witches also set the tone for moral confusion and hallucinatory scenes like Macbeths encounter with a floating dagger. Here, Macbeth is preparing to murder the king when delivers this haunting soliloquy. His tortured imagination (heat-oppressed brain) conjures the illusion of the murder weapon. His soliloquy becomes a chilling apostrophe in which he speaks directly to the dagger: Come, let me clutch thee. The dagger, of course, cannot respond. Like many things in Macbeths distorted vision, its not even real. Quotes About Ambition and Power Stars, hide your fires;Let not light see my black and deep desires.(Act I, Scene 4) Macbeth is a complex and conflicted character. His comrades call him brave and worthy, but the witches prophecy has awakened a secret longing for power. These lines, spoken by Macbeth as an aside, reveal the  black and deep desires he struggles to hide. Lusting for the crown, Macbeth plots to kill the king. But, on reflection, he questions the practicality of such an action. I have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itselfAnd falls on the other.(Act I, Scene 7) Here, Macbeth acknowledges that ambition is his only motivation (spur) to commit murder. Like a horse spurred to leap too high, this much ambition can only result in downfall. Ambition is Macbeths tragic flaw, and its possible that nothing could have saved him from his fate. However, much of the blame can be placed on his wife. Power-hungry and manipulative, Lady Macbeth vows to do whatever it takes to advance her husbands murderous plan. †¦Come, you spiritsThat tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,And fill me from the crown to the toe top-fullOf direst cruelty! make thick my blood;Stop up the access and passage to remorse,That no compunctious visitings of natureShake my fell purpose, nor keep peace betweenThe effect and it! Come to my womans breasts,And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,Wherever in your sightless substancesYou wait on natures mischief!(Act I, Scene 5) In this soliloquy, Lady Macbeth braces herself for murder. She rejects Elizabethan notions of womanhood (unsex me), and begs to be rid of soft emotions and female visitings of nature (menstruation). She asks the spirits to fill her breasts with poison (gall). Womens milk is a recurring motif in Shakespeares play, representing the soft, nurturing qualities Lady Macbeth renounces. She believes that her husband is too full o the milk of human kindness (Act I, Scene 5) to kill the king. When he waffles, she tells him that she would rather murder her own infant than abandon their murderous plan. †¦I have given suck, and knowHow tender tis to love the babe that milks me:I would, while it was smiling in my face,Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums,And dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as youHave done to this.(Act I, Scene 7) In this shocking rebuke, Lady Macbeth attacks her husbands manhood. She implies that he must be weak—weaker than his wife, weaker than a nursing mother—if he cannot keep his vow to take the throne. Elizabethan audiences would have been repulsed by Lady Macbeths raw ambition and reversal of traditional sex roles. Just as her husband crossed moral boundaries, Lady Macbeth defied her place in society. In the 1600s, she may have appeared as weird and unnatural as the witches with their eerie incantations. Todays attitudes are very different, yet ambitious and powerful women still arouse suspicion. Critics and conspiracy theorists have used the name Lady Macbeth to deride public figures like Hillary Clinton and Julia Gillard. Quotes About  Guilt and Remorse Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep.†¦What hands are here? ha! they pluck out mine eyes.Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this bloodClean from my hand? No, this my hand will ratherThe multitudinous seas in incarnadine,Making the green one red.(Act II, Scene 2) Macbeth speaks these lines immediately after murdering the king. To murder sleep has a double meaning. Macbeth has killed a sleeping man, and hes also killed his own serenity. Macbeth knows that because of this action, he will never be able to rest peacefully.   The guilt Macbeth feels stirs hallucinations and gruesome visions of blood. Hes shocked by the sight of his murderous hands. (They pluck out mine eyes.) In his tormented mind, his hands are soaked with so much blood, they would turn the ocean red.   Lady Macbeth shares Macbeths crime, but does not immediately show guilt.  She coldly returns the daggers to the crime scene and smears blood on the kings sleeping grooms so that they will be blamed. Seemly unruffled, she tells her husband, A little water clears us of this deed (Act II, Scene 2). Out, damned spot! out, I say! — One: two: why,then, tis time to dot. — Hell is murky! — Fie, mylord, fie! a soldier, and afeard? What need wefear who knows it, when none can call our power toaccount? — Yet who would have thought the old manto have had so much blood in him.†¦.The thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now? —What, will these hands neer be clean? — No more othat, my lord, no more o that: you mar all withthis starting.†¦Heres the smell of the blood still: all theperfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this littlehand. Oh, oh, oh!†¦Wash your hands, put on your nightgown; look not sopale. — I tell you yet again, Banquos buried; hecannot come out ons grave.†¦To bed, to bed! theres knocking at the gate:come, come, come, come, give me your hand. Whatsdone cannot be undone. — To bed, to bed, to bed! (Act V, Scene 1) The king is only one of many killings during Macbeths bloody reign. To hold onto his ill-gotten crown, he orders the slaughter of his friend Banquo and the entire household of Lord Macduff, the Thane of Fife. Macbeth suffers fits of hysteria and hallucinates Banquos ghost with blood-clotted hair. But its the hard-hearted Lady Macbeth who eventually collapses under the weight of guilt, and she is the one who gives this monologue. Sleepwalking, she wrings her hands and babbles about the stain of so much spilled blood.   The phrase Out, damned spot! can seem comical to modern readers. Lady Macbeths distraught words have been used in advertisements for products ranging from household cleaners to acne medicines. But this is the raving of a woman who teeters on the brink of madness.   Parts of Lady Macbeths monologue, like the incantation of the witches, depart from the traditional iambic pentameter. In a metrical pattern called a spondee, she strings together syllables that have equal weight: Out-damned-spot-out. Since each one-syllable word is equally stressed, the emotional tension is heightened. Readers (or listeners) are more likely to feel the impact of each word. The words themselves seem nonsensical. They are non sequiturs, jumping from thought to thought. Lady Macbeth is reliving all the crimes, remembering sounds, smells, and images. One after the other, she names murder victims: the king (the old man), Macduffs wife, and Banquo. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,Creeps in this petty pace from day to dayTo the last syllable of recorded time,And all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor playerThat struts and frets his hour upon the stageAnd then is heard no more: it is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.(Act V, Scene 5) Unable to recover from her guilt, Lady Macbeth kills herself. When this news reaches Macbeth, hes already in deep despair. Abandoned by his noblemen and knowing his own days are numbered, he delivers one of the most desolate soliloquies in the English language. In this extended metaphor, Macbeth compares life to a theatrical performance. Days on earth are as short-lived as the candles that illuminate the Elizabethan stage. Each person is nothing more than a shadow cast by that flickering light, a silly actor who struts about and then vanishes when the candle is snuffed. In this metaphor, nothing is real and nothing matters. Life is a tale told by an idiot†¦ signifying nothing. American author William Faulkner titled his novel The Sound and the Fury  after a line from Macbeths soliloquy. Poet Robert Frost borrowed a phrase for his poem, Out, Out —. Even the cartoon Simpson family embraced the metaphor with a melodramatic rendition by Homer Simpson. Ironically, Shakespeares tragedy ends soon after this somber speech. Its easy to imagine audiences blinking from the theater, wondering, Whats real? Whats illusion? Are we part of the play? Sources Garber, Marjorie. â€Å"Shakespeare and Modern Culture, Chapter One.† 10 Dec. 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/books/chapters/chapter-shakespeare.html. Excerpted from the book, Pantheon Publishers.Liner, Elaine. â€Å"Out, Damned Spot!: The Best Pop Culture References That Came from Macbeth.† 26 Sept. 2012, www.dallasobserver.com/arts/out-damned-spot-the-best-pop-culture-references-that-came-from-macbeth-7097037.Macbeth. Folger Shakespeare Library, www.folger.edu/macbeth.Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Arden. Read online at shakespeare.mit.edu/macbeth/index.htmlThemes in Macbeth. Royal Shakespeare Company, cdn2.rsc.org.uk/sitefinity/education-pdfs/themes-resources/edu-macbeth-themes.pdf?sfvrsn4.Wojczuk, Tana. The Good Wife – Hillary Clinton as Lady Macbeth. Guernica, 19 Jan. 2016. www.guernicamag.com/tana-wojczuk-the-good-wife-hillary-clinton-as-lady-macbeth/.

The Autobiography Of Malcolm X As Told By Alex Haley

The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley is the story about a man who greatly impacted American history. Malcolm Little, or Malcolm X as he is more widely known, taught what he believed in regards to segregation, racism, and discrimination. Growing up in a large family with a father Earl Little, a Baptist minister, and his mother Louis Little, who was a homemaker, Malcolm’s life at the time seemed very promising. His father’s involvement in support of the Black National gained him many death threats at the hands of white supremacists. In 1929, they lost their house to fire, and two years later the body of Malcolm’s father was found mutilated. This lead to the emotional breakdown of Malcolm’s mother and in turn she was institutionalized. Malcolm and his siblings were separated and placed in foster homes, and from then, his life began a path of drugs, sex, and crime. It was not until he was imprisoned in 1946, that he decided to make some changes for the better. This essay will assess and discuss those changes whether negative or positive, on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. It will also cover some of the effects of racial prejudice on human behavior, and how society today keeps the ideology of Malcolm X alive. Malcolm X on the micro level involves interactions with many individuals throughout his life. From his parents and siblings to girlfriends and his wife, and even those he met in prison and after prison, they all played significant roles in Malcolm’sShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages1 2 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X Introduction Malcolm X?s autobiography written in collaboration with Alex Haley is an exciting story of personality transformation. During several years, Malcolm X told Haley his biography in several extensive interviews. Haley described and orchestrated the stories and Malcolm X edited and endorsed every part of the book. 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The central theme of the book is to reflect the perspective of a black man in an era that called for equality struggles between races in the United States while battling views on racism and his rise and fall within the Nation of Islam religion. The author’s purpose for writing the book was for the reader to gain knowledge of Malcolm X as an individual and not as a phenomenon. He wanted to deliver truths that spanned his brief lifetime. Alex Haley’sRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley Malcolm X or El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was born to Louise and Earl Little. His father Earl was a Baptist minister and â€Å"a dedicated organizer for Marcus Aurelius Garvey s U.N.I.A. (Universal Negro Improvement Association).† His mother was a domestic worker. In 1929, Malcolm’s family moved to Lansing, Michigan. There, his house was burned down by a white supremacist group. 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My Break-up with My Fiancé Free Essays

Had my fiance and I decided to end our relationship for personal reasons, and were our feelings relatively mutual on the matter, our break-up might not have been so devastating. The reality of the situation, however, is that my parents directly contributed to the end of our engagement and subsequently, our relationship, which made the experience all the more awful. My fiance and I had been dating for nearly seven months, and I had always maintained a level of secrecy about our relationship with my family, as I’ve done with all of my relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on My Break-up with My Fiancà © or any similar topic only for you Order Now I simply do not enjoy discussing significant others with them. Then one day my parents sat me down, having heard about my fiance from a mutual friend. They were very upset, my mother especially so, but they did their best to remain calm while they explained plainly how I could no longer see my fiance. My dad was robotic and monotone, and seemed to take his cues from my mother, who just sat there glaring at me. Every once in awhile she would speak up and say things to the tune of, â€Å"We don’t know how you could do this to us,† or â€Å"We expected so much more of you,† or any number of other cliches parents use to guilt trip their children. After nearly three hours of talking, during which we stormed around the house, my mother and I shouting at each other for brief intervals, and my father leaving several times to take calls (though I suspect he faked them, just needing a break) I finally agreed to stop seeing my fiance. I couldn’t believe the words came out of my mouth, or that I even entertained the notion, but bit by bit my mother’s banshee-like outbursts and my father’s dead calm wore me down. I have not seen my fiance since. How to cite My Break-up with My Fiancà ©, Papers

Organizational Management for Contingent and Planned Aspects

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Management for Contingent and Planned Aspects. Answer: Introduction The essay helps in analysing the relationship between the contingent and planned aspects of the organization and the impact of the same on the guidance of the organizational design. Proper analysis is required to be done as this will help in understanding such aspects in an effectual manner. The main aim and purpose of the essay is to identify the different kind of relationships that is integral part of the business. Proper kind of relationship is required to be maintained effectively as this will help in achieving the organizational goals. The structure of the essay includes the relationship between planned and contingent aspects of the organization in an effectual manner. The evaluation of the relevance of the organizational design has to be analysed effectually as this will help in analysing distinctive features of the contemporary organizational environment. Relationship between the contingent and planned aspects of organization In the present era, it has been seen that society along with the entire organization have a clear and accurate relationship that is essential and integral part for the success of the entire business. The organization is the entire group of individuals who work together in the organized manner to accomplish the common along with overall goal of the entire organization. The society is defined as the community of different kind of individuals who are living in the society or region wherein they share the same kind of customs and association of laws as well (Wolf and Floyd, 2017). Furthermore, the external and internal environment of different organizations keeps on changing and there is huge kind of uncertainty wherein there is no such prediction of the future as well (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright 2017). However, it is hard for the organizations to prepare themselves for different kind of situations that occur accidently and that is beyond the control as well. The different managers of the organization need to realize and be aware about the structure of the organizational structure that is required in order to gain competitive advantage. The managers of the organization have to practice and realize how to assistance of the effectiveness of the design of the organization by the inclusion of planning along with different kind of contingent strategies as this will help the company in sustaining for a long-term in the entire competitive market (Ivert et al., 2015). Planning is defined as the process of thinking wherein proper assumptions are required to be made about the current realities along with future probabilities as well (Ahimbisibwe, Cavana and Daellenbach 2015). These will help in analysing and evaluating the information about the two as well wherein the planning process will address the different techniques that are required and this will help the organization in outlining the different processes for accomplishing the different objectives as well. The entire process will start with the reviewing the different kind of operational capabilities of the organization by accomplishing the objectives (Hillier 2017). Proper planning is essential in nature wherein this will help the organizations in predicting the different kind of outcomes that will help in understanding the different processes that are required to achieve the success in the competitive market (Berger 2015). The societies need the organization as this will help them in creating a stable and dynamic environment in an effectual manner. The contingent aspect of the organizational design is potential economic kind of event that may or may not occur in the future is unpredictable in nature. The contingent factors such as strategy, environment, size and age of the organization along with the technological factors will help in improving the design of the organization. The organizational design has to be planned in an effectual manner as this will help the companies in implement the technological advancements in an effectual manner. Both external and internal environment is required to be analysed as this will help in understanding the different issues and solve them effectually. Evidence from research literature Alexander (2017) commented that both planned and contingent factors play a significant role in implementing the organizational design. The contingent factors include the strategy, environment, size, age of the organization along with the technology required in the organization. Different kind of contingent factors play a significant role in analysing such changes and this will help in understanding the requirements for the strategy. Furthermore, proper planning is required to be done in the organizations as this will help the companies in understanding the different kind of strategies that needs to implemented in the organizations to plan accordingly as well. Macaulay (2018) stated that planning is essential in the different kind of organizations as this will help in analysing the number of employees who are required to understand the different kind of adoption for the change in an effectual manner. Proper technological advancements are essential with accurate planning as this will help the company in understanding the different kind of contingency factors in an effectual manner. It has been seen by Lei et al. (2016) that environment has huge influence on the process of decision making as this will help in making decisions stable in an unpredictable environment. Nemkova et al. (2015) commented that the different kind of contingency factors are helpful in deciding the different kind of among the different departments as this will help the entire organization in solving the issues and help the company in understanding the difficulties as well to improve the entire performance of the organization effectually. Proper organizational design is essential in nature in the organization as this will help the organization to implement the different kind of strategies along with other contingent factors to improve the design of the organization effectively. Sager (2017) commented that there are different kind of external factors that has to be considered by the organizations as this can affect the organizational design in a huge manner. Proper analysis of the Porters Five Forces Analysis will help in understanding the bargaining power of the suppliers along the threat from the existing and new companies. The external factors will create huge influence on the strategic design of the companies that will optimize the entire organizational design and this can create huge positive influence on the organization (Sirn and Kohtamki 2016). Reflection from own work experience When I used to work with an organization in the Human Resource Department, I was happy working in the organization as the different colleagues were helpful in making me understand the different kind of issues and helped me in analysing such issues effectively. While working in the organization, I tried to understand the relationship between the contingent and planned management in the organizational design. The entire organization was performing well in the competitive market as there was proper planning implementation in the organization. As I was in the HR department, I tried to properly plan the different activities of the organization in an effective manner as this was required in order to achieve the different targets in comparison to the other competitors in the market. The contingent decisions required proper planning in the respective organization as this helped me in understanding the different external factors in comparison to the other competitors in the market in an effectual manner. I tried to understand and analyse the size and age of the organization as this provided me a brief on analysis of the different kind of issues in an effectual manner. I considered the different kind of strategies that can be implemented by our organization that includes the change in the structure of the organization along with building different steps as to achieve such objectives in the entire organization. At the entire corporate level, the different formulation of the strategies will help in understanding the strategic objectives that will help in making the entire function effective in nature. The decision-making process was implemented by the HR department of the company with the coordination of the different departments of the organization along with analysis of the adoption to the change that can help the organization to adopt to such changes and perform better in the organization as well. Proper technological advancements are analysed by the respective organization that has helped my organization in implementing such changes and it helped in converting the different resources into outputs for the entire organization as well. There was an huge issues in the organization that was related to the backwardness in the technology in comparison to the competitors. From the entire and whole experience, it can be seen that I was successful in implementing the different kind of changes such as planned and contingency changes in the organization as this helped me in understanding the different resources effectively as well. With the help of the practical implementation, I tried to understand the different kind of relationship that exists between the contingency plan and the planning that is required in the organizations as to generate the different kind of changes in the organizations. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a huge relationship between the contingency plan and the planning as this helps the organization in understanding the different kind of requirements of technological advancements and strategies that will help in solving the different kind of issues in comparison to the competitors. The SWOT and Porters Five Forces Analysis has been done as this has helped the company in designing the entire organizational structure in such a manner as well. References Ahimbisibwe, A., Cavana, R.Y. and Daellenbach, U., 2015. A contingency fit model of critical success factors for software development projects: A comparison of agile and traditional plan-based methodologies.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,28(1), pp.7-33. Alexander, E., 2017. After rationality: Towards a contingency theory for planning. InExplorations in planning theory(pp. 45-64). Routledge. Berger, C.R., 2015. . PLANNING, AFFECT, AND SOCIAL ACTION GENERATION. InCommunication, Social Cognition, and Affect (PLE: Emotion)(pp. 109-132). Psychology Press. Hillier, J., 2017. Throwing dice: Between contingency and necessity in spatial planning. InConnections(pp. 111-128). Routledge. Ivert, L.K., Dukovska-Popovska, I., Fredriksson, A., Dreyer, H.C. and Kaipia, R., 2015. Contingency between S OP design and planning environment.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(8), pp.747-773. Lei, Z., Waller, M.J., Hagen, J. and Kaplan, S., 2016. Team adaptiveness in dynamic contexts: Contextualizing the roles of interaction patterns and in-process planning.Group Organization Management,41(4), pp.491-525. Macaulay, S., 2018. Non-contractual relations in business: A preliminary study. InThe Law and Society Canon(pp. 155-167). Routledge. Nemkova, E., Souchon, A.L., Hughes, P. and Micevski, M., 2015. Does improvisation help or hinder planning in determining export success? Decision theory applied to exporting.Journal of International Marketing,23(3), pp.41-65. Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management.International Journal of Project Management,35(2), pp.169-179. Sager, T., 2017. Communicative Planning. InThe Routledge Handbook of Planning Theory(pp. 105-116). Routledge. Sirn, C. and Kohtamki, M., 2016. Stretching strategic learning to the limit: The interaction between strategic planning and learning.Journal of Business Research,69(2), pp.653-663. Wolf, C. and Floyd, S.W., 2017. Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management,43(6), pp.1754-1788.

Same-Sex Marriage Essays (1947 words) - LGBT History,

Same-Sex Marriage Every country has their own set of rules and laws. One law all countries should have is the right to Same-Sex Marriage. Same-Sex Marriage should be legal all over the world for many different reasons. Since 2015, it has become legal in all 50 states of America, yet, there are still many conflicts and discriminations that the LGBT community has to face because some people simply just don't agree with this law. There will always be those who are against Same-Sex Marriage and those who are 100% for it, like myself. Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage will grant the LGBT community a right that for years has been taken from them. One of the main reasons why people are so Against Same-Sex Marriage is because they believe marriage should be between a man and a woman. The human race started with a man and a woman so it should continue to be that way forever. It is a very unhealthy lifestyle to live when two of the Same-Sex gets married. When two women or men get married, they don't even consider that a marriage. Many of those who are against Same-Sex Marriage believe that just because you call it a marriage doesn't make it a marriage because it's not between a man and woman. If society keeps allowing these unusual behaviors to happen calling it normal when they aren't, the world is going to turn into complete chaos. Plus, since many people are accepting these unusual acts to be gay or lesbian, many stop following the old fashion way of what marriage should really be. Another reason why people are so against Same-Sex Marriage is because many believe that Same-Sex Married couples can not raise a child or children properly. Building a family is one of the many dreams people have for the future. A man and a woman are the ones who bring a new life into this world and when two men or two women get married to each other, well they can't reproduce a child. Life is a cycle, a man and a woman have a child and then that child has another child and so on. If a Same-Sex Married couple are raising a child, they will try and many times succeed to convince them that being gay or lesbian is a good and okay thing but that's what people who are against Same-Sex Marriage want less of. In this society, it is very unusual and uncommon when people see a Same-Sex Married couple raising a child so they react in a negative way when they see such bizarre act. People don't want children being confused while growing up questioning as to why all their friends and classmates have a mom and a dad and they have two of the same parents. What are people supposed to tell them when they get asked such complicated questions to answer? Children need to be raised by a "normal" couple rather than one who doesn't know anything about values. Plus, statistics say, that kids without fathers are more than four times more likely to get into crime than kids with fathers, that's if they are being raised by two moms. Many times single parents have a hard time raising a child on their own because the child missed out on that mother or father figure they were supposed to have growing up. So a child needs one of each parents in their life and Same-Sex Married couples can't give them that. Marriage between a man and a woman is entirely different from two men or woman getting married and can not be considered the same thing. This is because they leave out the import ant purpose of what a marriage is about; the perpetuation of the human race and how to raise a child properly. There are so many reasons as to why I believe Same-Sex Marriage should be legalized everywhere in this world. There are many people who say it "goes against the Bible," yet there are many people who don't even believe in God in the first place. If you are a true believer of the Bible, then follow it, but why get in anybody else's business that's not yours? Religious

Sectionalism essays

Sectionalism essays Between the War of 1812 and 1828 many events took place that divided the still embryonic and developing United States into different sections with their own specifics interests and priorities. In 1816 Monroe was elected president. He went on a goodwill tour of the United States and brought about a feeling of nationalism and harmony to everyone. This was known as the Era of Good Feelings. Yet this was also the same time when the seeds of sectionalism began to germinate, and within a few years time, the country would be drastically divided. The birth of sectionalism began in December 1814 during the Hartford Convention. The Hartford Convention was a meeting of Federalists from New England to protest the War of 1812 and to revise the Constitution. The Federalists saw the war as impolitic, improper, and unjust. They rebelled by encouraging banks not to lend money to the government, by trading with Britain, and by not supplying militia. Some extremists even wanted to separate themselves from the Union! Obviously, the Federalists had a different view than the rest of the country about this whole issue; they were becoming very unpopular fast. The extremists were controlled by moderates, and before this secret convention was over, news of an American Victory arrived and the Federalists were discredited. One issue that helped bring about sectionalism in the U.S. was the tariffs. Due to the war, Congress was forced to double all tariffs; yet after the war was over, high tariffs still remained. The North and some of thewest were all for these tariffs which boomed their manufacturing and textile industries and protected them from foreign competition. The south, however, had a different point of view on this issue. They did not favor protective tariffs because they had no industry and they exported all of their cotton and tobacco, which in turn would mean that everything they bought from the north would be more expensive and inter...

The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms Essay

The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms - Essay Example The essay "The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms" analyzes a short story "The City Coat of Arms" written by Franza Kafka. It unveils layers of concepts and phenomena. It is unimaginable yet brilliant how such a miniature of the textual piece may have such a broad range of interpretations. The significance of the story ‘The City Coat of Arms’ lies in the multitude of phenomena it touches upon ranging from a diversity of human existence to common purpose of living to even larger than life realities, and yet converging the ideas in a simple notion of creation which is the essence of human existence. In other words, the significance of the work of Kafka lies in the connotation and explanation of the idea of creation and further explaining how every individual in this world is indulged in the act of creating something. The idea centers around a diverse array of an issue like how humans are divided along a range of societal and other logistical identities. The stor y touches upon how when this diverse array of individuals are engaged in some common act, there are difficulties and differences, yet the common ground is reached at a point often by virtue of consensus. Also, the story talks about larger than life realities, for instance, the construction of the Tower of Babel is itself an extraordinary idea since its purpose is to reach heaven. This serves an immense philosophical purpose since various arguments about bureaucratic culture can be explained with the help of the ideas propagated in the story.

Leadership and mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and mangement - Essay Example Since the concept of patient-centered care is increasingly emphasized in today’s healthcare environment, responding to patient feedback, grievances, and complaints are very important. Under this patient care model, patients have the right to file complaints and grievances if they are not satisfied with the health services received (Kaplan, 2014). Healthcare organizations are legally obliged to comply with federal regulations and Joint Commission standards while dealing with patient grievances and complaints (Dearmon, n.d.). This is inevitable for nurses to promote patient safety and to reduce their liability risk. Generally, patient grievances may be about unmet care expectations, offensive staff behavior, immediate discharges, compromising of confidentiality, treatment without informed consent, or any other unethical healthcare practice (ECRI Institute, 2010). According to Duxbury and Wittington (2005), addressing grievances involves difficult tasks as patients’ grieva nces can be different. An inexperienced nurse cannot easily handle the situation as there may not be a particular procedure for dealing with each type of patient grievances. As Devers, Pham and Liu point out (2004), even experienced nursing staff are not completely informed of the regulations and standards set by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Joint Commission, and other government entities. Hence they become confused when they are required to handle situations of patient grievances. Generally patients may not be familiar with the grievance process, and therefore it is the duty of the nursing staff to assist clients to file their grievances. According to O’Daniel and Rosenstein (2008), good communication is the key to the effective execution of the grievance process because proper communication will avoid misunderstanding, and hence will

Smoking cessation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smoking cessation - Essay Example Evidence Based Practice is essential to the medical practitioners that deal with the smokers since it is from the information gathered from the evidence based practice that nurses are able to ensure quality service delivery in the smoking and smoking cessation services. However, the nursing knowledge and clinical skills must be incorporated just as much as the appropriate evidence and integrate them with an understanding of the patient’s needs i.e. how to handle patients with smoking-related illnesses (Julia 2014). Remarkably, a partial frame of suggestions on the efficiency of intercessions to moderate the amount of deaths due to smoking in underprivileged regions via exploiting practical circumstances, preservation and provision of services; however, some mediation initiatives are hopeful but request for additional evaluation and familiarity in the field, from the nurses and medical personnel. In the past, there has been biasness in evidenced based practice in relation to smoking, where some information does not appear in the report such as the socioeconomic data on the smokers making it hard to come up with stable suppositions for all associates (Susan, 2012). Typically, the data is vital in any evidence-based practice as it generally helps the effecting of the smoking termination interpositions that can help decrease the rising rates in death, and smoking as for those communities that have occupied its peak peal. Decisively, the journal describes the key findings form the Smoking Toolkit study relevant to the smoking cessation policy for the past three years (2007 to 2010); the smoking tool kit study focused on surveys conducted monthly of representative samples of the population of England aged 16 years and above (the surveys were conducted every six months). The results shows that only a small number of smokers were familiar to the smoking cessation programs and had had discussions in the past one year and only a quarter of these smokers had gone on to the next step of the program- being offered a prescription or advised to see a stop smoking practitioner.

Isomerism in Molybdenum Carbonyl Phosphine Complexes

Isomerism in Molybdenum Carbonyl Phosphine Complexes Part A Preparation and Identification of the Isomers of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] Introduction Molybdenum carbonyl phosphine complexes with the general formula, [Mo(CO)4L2] where (L=PR3; R=Me, Ph etc) have an octahedral geometry. This means the complexes are able to display either cis or trans stereochemistry. Interconversion between the two isomeric forms is enabled through thermal Mo-P bond cleavage. Only the thermodynamically stable isomer of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is formed by direct reaction of Mo(CO)6 and PPh3. So in order to isolate both isomeric forms of the complex, [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] is used as an intermediate. The aim of this experiment was: The preparation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] by reaction of Mo(CO)6 with piperidine dissolved in toluene The preparation of cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] by substitution of piperidine with PPh3 The thermal isomerisation of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] to produce the trans isomeric form Characterization of the products by IR spectroscopy allowed the isomeric forms of each of the complexes to be identified, and the most stable form of the product to be deduced. Reaction Scheme Method Preparation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] A summary of the preparative details for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] is detailed in table 1.1 Volume Weight Molar Mass Molar Amount Equivalence Density cm-3 g g mol-1 mol g mL-1 Mo(CO)6 1.00 264.00 3.788E-03 1.00 Toluene 15.00 12.98 92.14 1.408E-01 37.18 0.865 Piperidine 10.00 8.62 85.15 1.012E-01 26.73 0.862 Table 1.1 The preparative details of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] Mo(CO)6 (1.00 g, 3.79 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of toluene (15 mL) and piperidine (10 mL, 9.62 g, 101.00 mmol), under an inert atmosphere with stirring at 110 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 2 hours under reflux. The resultant yellow mixture was filtered under vacuum for 15 minutes, washed with ice-cold 60/80 petroleum ether (210 mL), to yield a yellow crystalline solid of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2]. Yield (1.19 g, 83%); ÃŽ ½max/ cm-1 3250.88 (N-H), 2931.85, 2853.10 (C-H), 2011.73, 1877.24, 1756.58, 1706.11 (C=O), 1476.99, 1462.33 (C-C) In order to calculate the yield of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] formed, the following method was employed, with details summarised in table 1.2. Mass Obtained Molar Mass Moles Theoretical Yield Percentage Yield g g mol-1 mol g [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] 1.19 378.30 3.146E-03 1.433 83.05 Table 1.2 The yields for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] The theoretical mass of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] was calculated from its molar mass and the number of moles of the limiting reagent, Mo(CO)6 , using the following equation eq.1.1 On formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] the yield of the complex was actually obtained to be 1.19 g. So in order to work out the percentage yield of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] formed, eq 1.2 was used Preparation of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer A) by Substitution of Piperidine with PPh3 A summary of the details of preparing [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) is given in table 1.3 Volume Weight Molar Mass Molar Amount Equivalence Density/ g mL-1 cm-3 g g mol-1 mol g mL-1 [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] 0.50 378.30 1.322E-03 1.00 PPh3 0.75 262.29 2.859E-03 2.16 CH2Cl2 10.00 13.25 84.93 1.560E-01 118.04 1.325 [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] (0.50 g, 1.32 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.75 g, 2.86 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (10 mL) were refluxed at 40 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C, under an inert atmosphere for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Then methanol (15 mL) was added to the mixture and cooled in the freezer for 30 minutes. The precipitate was filtered under vacuum for 15 minutes which yielded a pale-yellow solid of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2](isomer A). Yield (0.43 g, 44%); ÃŽ ½max/ cm-1 2925.53 (C-H), 2011.26, 1876.74, 1756.04, 1706.81 (C=O), 1462.87 (C=C). The yields of the product, [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) are summarized in table 1.4. Mass Obtained Molar Mass Moles Theoretical Yield Percentage Yield g g mol-1 mol g [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer A) 0.43 732.58 5.870E-04 0.968 44.41 As before using eq.1.1 and eq.1.2 the percentage yield was calculated from the theoretical yield. However in this case the limiting reagent was found to be [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] Preparation of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer B) by Thermal Isomerisation of Isomer A Table 1.5 shows a summary of the preparative details of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer B) Volume Weight Molar Mass Molar Amount Equivalence Density cm-3 g g mol-1 mol g mL-1 [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer A) 0.40 732.58 5.460E-04 1.00 Toluene 4.00 3.46 92.14 3.755E-02 68.77 0.865 Since isomer A was produced in a relatively low yield, the thermal isomerisation reaction was scaled so that only 0.4 g of isomer A was used. [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) (0.40 g, 0.55 mmol) was added to toluene (4 mL) and stirred under reflux at 110 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 30 minutes under an inert atmosphere. The solution was cooled to room temperature and 60/80 petroleum ether (9 mL) was added to aid precipitation. The resultant mixure was filtered under vacuum for 15 minutes, rinsed with 60/80 petroleum ether (2 x 5 mL), which yielded a brown solid of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer B). Yield (0.26 g, 65%); ÃŽ ½max/ cm-1 3056.60 (C-H), 1873.38 (C=O), 1476.92, 1431.71 (C=C). The yields of the product, [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer B) are summarized in table 1.6 Mass Obtained Molar Mass Moles Theoretical Yield Percentage Yield g g mol-1 mol g [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (Isomer B) 0.26 732.58 3.549E-04 0.400 65.00 As before using eq.1.1 and eq.1.2 the percentage yield was calculated from the theoretical yield. Results and Discussion This experiment involved the isolation of the two geometrical isomers of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. Only one of these isomers can be isolated from the direct reaction of PPh3 with [Mo(CO)6]. This reaction requires a long reaction time and high temperatures but yields the more thermodynamically stable geometrical isomer. So in order to isolate the isomer B, an alternative synthetic route was employed. A precursor in the form of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] was used to yield isomer B, since PPh3 is now able to readily substitute piperidine. This method relies on the nature of the ligands. Piperidine is a weak field ligand, and so forms a relatively weak dative bond with the molybdenum ion. However, PPh3 is a strong field ligand and so binds strongly with the central metal ion. This means PPh3 easily displaces the piperidine ligands to give rise to the isomer B form of the complex [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. The first part of the reaction involved the preparation of the intermediate [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] which is a yellow solid which is in agreement with literature. The complex was formed in good yield at 83%. The infrared spectrum of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] shows four peaks corresponding to C=O vibrations at 2011.73, 1877.24, 1756.58 and 1706.11 cm-1 (lit). This suggests the isomer of the complex formed is the cis geometrical isomer. This can be explained by employing a group theory technique, which uses an unshifted C=O bonds procedure, as illustrated in figure. E C2 ÏÆ'(xz) ÏÆ'(yz) à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO 4 0 2 2 Cis-[Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] has C2V symmetry and the irreducible representation of unshifted bonds is deduced to be 2A1 + B1 + B2. Since all of these operations are IR active, four peaks are expected in the carbonyl region of the spectrum. In the IR spectrum there is also a peak at 3250.88 which corresponds to an N-H bond. This is indicative of unreacted piperidine. The presence of residual piperidine did not negatively affect the experiment to any significant extent. The synthesis of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) yielded a pale yellow solid as reported by. The complex produced a 44% yield which affected the proceedings of the reaction as enough product was not formed. This meant the subsequent reaction had to be scaled down. The IR spectrum of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] (isomer A) displayed four peaks in the carbonyl region at 2011.26, 1876.74, 1756.04 and 1706.81 cm-1 which were similar to those reported in the literature. The compound was also determined to have C2V symmetry which would therefore be expected to give rise to 4 peaks in the spectrum. Therefore isomer A is cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. As a result, it can be deduced that isomer B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is the trans geometrical isomer. The trans isomer has a D4h point group and so is expected to produce a single peak in the IR spectrum. As predicted, the spectrum of isomer B has a peak in the carbonyl region at only 1873.38 cm-1. The trans-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] isomer was a brown solid and produced at a reasonable yield of 65%. The trans isomeric form of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is the thermodynamically more stable form of the two isomers. The trans isomer required more vigorous reaction condition such as the solvent heated to 110 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C and a longer reaction time as opposed to the milder conditions used for the formation of the cis isomer. The trans isomer places the two bulky PPh3 ligands as far as possible from one another, at 180 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ° apart, which gives the complex the lowest possible energy. Cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] is the kinetic product of the reaction since it forms at a faster rate. This is because the activation energy barrier is much smaller, as reflected by the mild conditions imposed (40 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C toluene, 15 minute reflux). Conclusion The synthesis of all three complexes was successful. A good yield was obtained for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] at 83%. However, isomer A of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] was produced at a relatively low yield of 44%, in comparison to 65% produced for isomer B. The low yield of isomer A affected the proceedings of the subsequent steps of the reaction, and so required a scaling down of reagents used from this point onwards. The infrared spectrum of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] produced four C=O stretching bands at 2011.73, 1877.24, 1756.58 and 1706.11 cm-1; which matched those reported in literature. This suggested that the complex had a cis geometry and therefore the point group of the complex is C2V. For isomer A of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2], the point group was also inferred to be C2V. using the method of unshifted C=O bonds, it was determined that four peaks are expected in the spectrum corresponding to C=O vibrations. The infrared spectrum obtained did indeed have four bands at 2011.26, 1876.74, 1756.04 and 1706.81 cm-1. This shows good correlation with the predictions from group theory. For isomer B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2], the spectrum displayed a single peak at 1873.38 cm-1 which corresponds to C=O. The geometry of the complex is therefore confirmed to be trans, and the point group deduced to be D4h for the complex. The colours of the complexes showed good agreement with that reported in literature. The intermediate complex [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] was yellow in colour. The cis isomer of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] was pale yellow, whilst the trans isomer was brown. To summarize the products were produced in reasonable yield, and the IR spectra along with group theory allowed the distinction of the isomeric forms of the complexes. Questions A complex ion is formed when a d-block transition metal ion forms a coordinate bond by accepting a pair of electrons from a ligand. A ligand is an ion or molecule that surrounds the metal ion and is able to donate a pair of electrons to it. This means the ligand is a Lewis base, whilst the central metal ion functions as a Lewis acid. There are two types of bonding between a d-block transition metal and a ligand, namely ÏÆ'-bonding and Ï€-bonding. ÏÆ'-bonding is present in all interactions between a metal and ligand because the lone pair of the ligand lies on the internuclear axis. However, some ligands are able to participate in Ï€-bonding interactions. A ligand is said to be a Ï€-donor ligand if the interaction involves donation of electron density from a filled orbital towards an empty metal orbital. It is also possible for a ligand to be a Ï€-acceptor ligand. In this case, electron density is donated from a filled orbital on the metal to an empty orbital on the ligand. The bonding between a d-block transition metal and specific ligands is discussed below: C≠¡O Carbon monoxide is a strong field ligand with its position high in the spectrochemical series, which means that it gives rise to low spin complexes, due to the fact that it has a large value of Δoct. There are two components that describe the metal carbonyl bonding. ÏÆ'-bonding – when a lone pair of electrons from C≠¡O is donated to an empty d-orbital on the metal, this is known as ÏÆ'-bonding. Ï€-acceptor ligand – when electrons from the filled metal d-orbital are donated to an empty Ï€* acceptor orbital on CO, this is known as Ï€-back donation. CO is both a ÏÆ'-donor and Ï€-acceptor ligand. Since these components complement one another, this results in synergic bonding. In other words, the greater the ÏÆ'-donation the greater the Ï€-back donation. However the extent of backbonding does depend on the oxidation state of the metal and the electronic properties of the other ligands present. Structurally, as a result of synergic reinforcing components, the metal carbonyl bond strength is increased, but this means the C≠¡O is weakened, relative to free C≠¡O gas. This is due to an increase in the electron density of the antibonding Ï€* orbital. PPh3 Triphenylphosphine has a lone pair of electrons on P that it is able to donate to the transition metal centre, and so acts as a ÏÆ'-donor ligand as illustrated in figure†¦. The phosphine has a vacant orbital, so in theory it can also act as a Ï€-acceptor ligand. However, the 3d orbitals that are vacant on phosphorus may be of too high energy for Ï€-backdonation to occur. Instead the ÏÆ'* orbital contributes as the main acceptor component. The ability of a phosphine ligand to act as an acceptor is controlled by the identity of the R substituent. Since in PPh3, the substituent is phenyl which is not a very electron-withdrawing group, the Ï€ acceptor properties are weak. This is because the phenyl rings are not electron-withdrawing enough to lower the energy of the 3d orbitals on phosphorus. However, if the R substituent was replaced by an electron-withdrawing group, the Ï€ acceptor properties of the phosphine group would be greater. To summarise, PPh3 is a good donor but a poor acceptor. Piperidine The molecular formula of piperidine is C5H10NH and the structural formula is displayed in figure†¦. Piperidine can act as a ligand because the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons. However unlike CO and PPh3 it is classed as an intermediate field ligand. Piperidine is able to donate its lone pair of electrons on nitrogen to the transition metal centre, and so is said to act as a ÏÆ'-donor. However since the nitrogen atom only has one lone pair of electrons, it is unable to participate in Ï€-backdonation. [Mo(CO)4L2] where L exists as piperidine or PPh3 may exist as two different geometrical isomers: cis or trans. By considering only the C≠¡O bond of the compound in the infrared spectrum and by exploitation of group theory, the molecular arrangement of the compounds prepared could be determined. Cis For cis-[Mo(CO)4L2] the point group was identified to be C2V (since it has a C2 axis, ÏÆ'(xz) and ÏÆ'(yz) components). In the case of cis-[Mo(CO)4L2] the character table for C2V is CHARACTER TABLE C2V here Since only the C≠¡O bonds are being considered, the reducible representation of the number of unshifted C≠¡O bonds under each operation of the point group is detailed in table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E C2 ÏÆ'(xz) ÏÆ'(yz) à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO 4 0 2 2 The reduction formula provides a means of converting a reducible representation into a sum of irreducible representations Where ai= number of times an IRREP contributes to the reducible representation; h= total number of symmetry operations, nR= number of operations in a class; χ(R) = character in reducible representation; χIR= character in IRREP Therefore when the formula is applied to each line of the character table we get: So overall à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO = 2A1+B1+B2 The complex was then described in terms of vibrational modes, à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO E C2 ÏÆ'(xz) ÏÆ'(yz) à Ã¢â‚¬Å"CO 2 0 1 1 Using table (C2v character table) it can be seen that A1, B1 and B2 are all infrared active. Therefore cis-[Mo(CO)4L2] would be expected to give rise to four peaks in the vibrational spectrum. The same process was carried out for the trans isomer in order to determine the number of IR active bands in the vibrational spectrum. Trans For trans-[Mo(CO)4L2] the point group was identified to be D4h In the case of trans-[Mo(CO)4L2] the character table for D4h is CHARACTER TABLE D4h here Since only the C≠¡O bonds are being considered, the reducible representation of the number of unshifted C≠¡O bonds under each operation of the point group is detailed in table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E 2C4 C2 2C2’ 2C2† i 2S4 ÏÆ'h 2ÏÆ'i 2ÏÆ'd à Ã¢â‚¬Å"3N 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 2 0 As before the reduction formula was used to convert the reducible representation into a sum of irreducible representations Therefore when the formula is applied to each line of the character table we get: E 2C4 C2 2C2’ 2C2† i 2S4 ÏÆ'h 2ÏÆ'i 2ÏÆ'd ai A1g 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 4 0 1 A2g 4 0 0 -4 0 0 0 -4

Catherine Slopers Self-realization in Henry James Washington Square E

Catherine Sloper's Self-realization in Henry James' Washington Square In his essay, "Washington Square: A Study in the Growth of an Inner Self," James W. Gargano argues convincingly that the Henry James's novel, Washington Square, revolves around the emotional, psychological, and spiritual development of Catherine Sloper. With one small exception, Gargano makes his case so persuasively that it seems hard to believe that there could be any other view of Catherine and her role in the book. Yet, Gargano asserts that James scholars before him have persistently focused elsewhere leaving Catherine to be categorized much the same way her father characterizes her as dull and listless (Gargano 355, 357). Gargano rightly shifts the critical debate from fascination with the ethical conundrum of Dr. Sloper's behavior to concentration on the process of self-realization which takes place slowly and silently in Catherine's mind (Gargano 355). Finding proof of his thesis in the exacting way James investigates Catherine's growth, Gargano sees that James has purposely shown Catherine as innocent in the beginning of the story to demonstrate a contrast to who she becomes as she begins to wake up to herself as the story progresses, and contends that upon meeting Townsend, Catherine "emerg[es] from a sort of dormancy" (Gorgano 356). Gorgano astutely points out that meeting Townsend is not a horrible mishap in the life of Catherine Sloper, but an event which catalyzes the girl to mature in her thinking and feeling. Gargano pays special attention not only to Catherine's behavioral changes, but to the way James notes those changes as part of an inner process (Gargano 356). From her deceptive replies to her father's straight forward questions t... ...orsel of fancywork, [and] seat[ing] herself with it again-for life, as it were" imply an empty period of waiting for death (Gargano 362, James 219). This interpretation of the end of Washington Square is inconsistent with Gargano's earlier contentions, and should be re-examined. Another possible and significantly more powerful interpretation of the ending of the book-that James is showing Catherine as fully self-contained and ultimately satisfied with the choices that she has made-makes more sense. Despite his final reticence, the quality of his thinking and the quantity of his evidence suggest that James Gargano has a good understanding of Henry James's main artistic occupation in writing Washington Square. Works Cited Gargano, James W. "Washington Square: A Study in the growth of an Inner Self." James, Henry. Washington Square. New York: Signet, 1979.

A Local Environmental Issue

Over the past centuries, people have engaged in many activities that brought about changes in the quality of air in Metropolitan Manila, the greater metropolitan area of the city of Manila, the National capital of the Philippines.   These changes were introduced with the construction of cities and during the onset of the industrial Revolution.   Urban construction, transportation and industrial activities up to the present times have added new materials not normally found in air. Some of these changes are beneficial while others are harmful. These materials have changed the quality of the air.   The air that surrounds us contains substances which could be considered examples of natural pollutants such as ashes from volcanic eruptions, salt from the sea, and even pollen grains from plants.   These air pollutants if present in air in large amounts can cause harm to life and property. Human activities have added more pollutants to the air.   These air pollutants are of two groups:   Those that affect our health such as Particulate Matter or Suspended Particulates, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, Air Toxics, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons.   The other group of air pollutants are those that affect our environment, which cause harm by altering the properties of the air such as Ozone and Photochemical Smog and Depleters of Stratospheric Ozone. Transportation and industry have contributed much to the pollution of the air.   Motor vehicles are the major sources and contributor of pollutants in cities like Metro Manila.   Gasoline-fueled vehicles produce more particulates and oxides of nitrogen. Human activities have also upset the balance in ozone layer. Knowing the harmful effects of air pollution, what then should people do about it?   The most we can do is to reduce the amount of harmful substances that will enter the atmosphere and remove as much pollutants from the air as possible. Removing pollutants from the air is not as effective as preventing pollution and reducing pollution.   Preventing pollution is more effective and easier to do than removing pollutants from the air.   Nature often does this for us for examples the high rainfall and the frequent and strong typhoons cleanse the air for us.   However, we have no control over Nature’s self-cleansing schedule. References Santos, Gil Nonato C and Jorge P. Ocampo (2003).   Science and Technology I.   Rex Printing Company, Inc. Manila.            

Death penalty misc17 essays

Death penalty misc17 essays Thousands will die. They are victims of senseless murder, but should the murderous felons die as well? Capital Punishment is a major controversy. Debating whether they receive execution or spend the rest of their ruined lives rotting in a jail cell seems pointless. The government throws away these humans lives. We control the lives of these criminals and we should not waste them. We should use the thousands of them to better our society. Rather than capital punishment, the government should create work teams using death row criminals to better our communities. The death penalty has been debated since the beginning of humankind. Today a total of 94 countries and territories use the death penalty for ordinary crime, including the United States. In the other 57 countries in the world, the death penalty no longer exists. In some of the 57 countries, capital punishment is only banned for ordinary crimes and still effective for military crimes or crimes committed in exceptional circumstances such as Currently 34 of the states in the U.S. exercise capital punishment. The most recent to abolish capital punishment was Massachusetts, in 1984, and New York, in 1995, was the most recent to reinstate it, according to the NAACP. During 1977 and 1994, Texas executed the highest number of prisoners, a total of 85. As of 1996 there were 3,122 inmates on death row. These convicts could help with government labor with a hope that they might be free someday. Figures show that, with men, 80% decide in favor of the death penalty, and women the vote was 74%.. White populations vote 81% for capital punishment and blacks only 53% (Doan, 2). This information means that the general public will resolve to end the lives of these killers. By offering an alternative, these figures may alter themselves significantly. Those opposing the death penalty would obtain some level of...

What Is ACT Score Choice

What Is ACT Score Choice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you just got your ACT scores back, you’re probably wondering about the process of score reporting for college. "Score Choice" is technically more associated with the SAT Score Choiceprogram, but the ACT has a similar policy for its own test score reporting. It will allow you to feel much less stressed about results from individual test dates and instead focus on how to improve in the future. In this article, I’ll go over what Score Choice is and what it means for your ACT testing strategy. ACT Score Choice: The Basics Score Choice for the ACT is relatively simple.It means you have the option to only send scores from certain test dates to colleges rather than sending all of your scores.On the score report request form, you will be asked to list your college of choice and the test date you want to send on each line. For the ACT, you are charged a $12 fee for each test date you send (even if you’re sending them to the same college), so making smart choices about which ones you want to send is also financially responsible. For example, if you want to send two test dates to 10 schools, that means you'll be sending 20 separate reports - a total fee of $240! Because of this, Score Choice is an integral part of the ACT score reporting model. You have to go out of your way NOT to use it. That being said, you should know that not all schools want you to use Score Choice for the ACT. Some of the most selective schools, such as Yale and Stanford, ask that you send all of your test scores.Check the websites for the colleges where you plan on applying to make sure they allow Score Choice! What Does ACT Score Choice Mean for You? Since Score Choice is such a basic part of the ACT testing model, it's a good idea to factor it into your decisions about taking the test.ACT Score Choice means that you should: Take the Test More than Once Unless you get a perfect score on your first test, it’s advantageous for you to take the ACT more than once so you can improve your scores.Even if you don’t do much studying from one test to the next, your scores are likely to improve based on familiarity with the test format and the material. If you DO study a lot between tests, then your results will be even better! How many times should you take it? That depends. The general rule isno more than three four times;take a look at this article for more details. Don't stress yourself out too much, but keep in mind that if you have the chance to take the ACT three times, you’ll be able to send just your best score out of those three tests (for most schools). If you take the ACT a few times, you’ll also gain peace of mind in knowing that you didn’t pass up opportunities to maximize your scores.Score Choice means you can take the test more than once, turn a good score into a great score, and then only show colleges your best performance! Stay Positive Score Choice also means keeping your sanity when you get your results back from individual tests.No single test is the end of the world! If this is your first time taking the ACT, it’s likely that it won’t be your best score. You can use your test results to study more (especially if you order Test Information Release) and knock it out of the park next time.Most schools won’t ever see your lowest scores, so you should only concern yourself with them as a means of understanding and correcting your mistakes. If you can see what you did wrong on one test, you’ll be able to focus your studying on that area and avoid those same mistakes in the future. This blackboard was set up to encourage wagon trains traveling west in the 1800s. They thought they didn't have anything left to eat, but then they remembered to think positive and resorted to cannibalism. The Bottom Line Score Choice means that you can choose to send only your best ACT test scores to colleges.On the ACT, this is the rule rather than the exception because you'll pay per test date for score reports. It’s to your advantage both financially and academically to send only your best scores to colleges. Because of Score Choice, you should plan to take the ACT more than once and remember that one test score isn’t going to make or break your chances of admission.If you study between tests and learn from your mistakes, you'll improve your scores, and that low score you were so worried about will never see the light of an admissions office! What's Next? Some college also Superscore the ACT, meaning they take your best ever score from each subsection of the test and combine them for your best composite score. Here's a full list of schools that use ACT Superscoring. Wondering when you should take the ACT? Read this article to figure out the best dates for you. You should also check out our complete study plan for the ACTso you can keep up with your studying and make the most of every test date! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

STRATEGY EVALUATION AND REVISION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

STRATEGY EVALUATION AND REVISION - Essay Example Like all other aspects of life, sport has also been subject to certain modifications time and again. In modern times, sport has been subject to tremendous competition and rivalry. Sport England has come up with number of strategies to develop the community sport in England. The prime objective of the Sport England is to have a set of talented professionals by 2012 London Olympics. For this purpose various strategies like tapping young talents, recruiting expert coaches, maximising the number of volunteers, integrating the club framework are being adopted. Sport England has partnership with NGBs, Youth Sport Trust, local authorities. The analysis of the strategies of Sport England reveals that the steps are quite outstanding and has created a general interest among the mass for the development of community sport. The importance and relevance of sport in human life has long been understood and accepted. The best of the minds and talents, irrespective of their working spheres have acknowledged this fact. As the famous scientist Benjamin Franklin observed, â€Å"Games lubricate the body and the mind†, the relevance of sport can be related to the spectrum of daily or day-to-day life. In simple words, sport can be defined as an activity where the participating and competitive forces apply their physical and mental abilities to win over the competitor within a periphery of declared regulations. Though in United Kingdoms, the activity is known as ‘Sport,’ in United States, it is popularly called ‘Sports’. Today, sporting teams and their related activities with highly professional partners make an industry. Generally, we refer it as the sporting industry or fraternity.

Share Price Prediction and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Share Price Prediction and Analysis - Essay Example The following is a critical review of such literature. In addition, the discussion applies a synthesis of two approaches/models identified to predict the share prices for Tesco Plc from the publications of the firm’s financial statements for 2008 and 2009. Lastly, this discussion attempts to test the approach by comparing these two sets of predictions with actual share prices. A concluding remark, which comments on the results, winds up the paper. Approaches/Models for Predicting Share Prices In short-term or medium-term, different models or approaches are used in predicting the future prices of shares of various companies. Share prices of companies may take different forms such as linear, horizontal, cyclic, or seasonal as influenced by prevailing market and environmental factors (Hassan, et al., 2007). Due to lack of prediction methods that provide least prediction error, investors tend to apply numerous methods thereby comparing their results in a bid to finding the best mo del or approach to use (Chen, et al., 2003). ... Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a share price prediction method that is commonly used. For many years, ANN has been developed and restructured in order to provide efficient and effective performances on predicting share prices of firms in a stock exchange for purposes of investment (Tom, et al, 2000). Nonetheless, most predictors used single dosage of ANN (Kim and Shin, 2007). Application of single dosage in predicting share prices rarely provides an opportunity to discover the decision rule that the model uses while making the predictions (Hassan, et al, 2007). Artificial Neural Network is a share price prediction model or approach, which is created through stimulation of biological central nervous system of investors or predictors (Swales and Yoon, 2002). One of the reasons explaining its extensive application is the ability to predict share prices from large databases (Olson and Mossman, 2003). The idea of back-propagation algorithm is the basis of Artificial Neural Network in predicting share prices of firms. ANN back propagation function is usually represented by the following function: Where, xi is the sum of inputs, which is multiplied by their respective weights wji; Aj is the predicted share value under the ANN model; and n is the end period in which the valuation is carried out. Decision tree (DT) model on the other hand is a data mining model or approach used in predicting or forecasting share prices within a stock exchange market. One of the reasons for its extensive application is the fact that DT has an excellent ability and capability of describing cause as well as effect relationships of various stock prices. From the concepts or application of DT, investors are

Compare and Contrast Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Compare and Contrast Research Methods - Essay Example Moreover this session also takes place to converse about different matters etc. (Blumberg & Schindler, 2008). (Lewis & Saunders, 2009) demonstrate that the implication of this research method is widely done in almost all major modes of studies. This gives a horizon that what actually people think. Focus group participants can vary from research to research. For instance to check out the performance of a car, focus group discussion takes place. The panel members in this discussion would be product manufacturing engineers, consumers, analysts, journalist, market guru’s and future potential customers. Their depiction of thoughts will be the quintessence of this discussion. Moderator will ask certain focused research based questions from the panel members. Members upon their respective turn will present their views. The proposition of this tactic is mostly done in the subject of psychology, sociology, marketing and its sub branches, human resources management etc. To get the concrete picture about the thinking of consumers, market surveys act as the backbone. It has vast implication and is done in approximately research work. Market surveys provide the various ideas of people about a product, service or any other issue. People from diverse backgrounds provide their review about a certain product or service. They also bluntly demonstrate that what are the shortcomings and plus points of the product. Their representation of non fragmented thoughts makes this research technique powerful. Literate, illiterate- all consumers present their ideas clearly (Eriksson & Kovalainen, 2008). Market surveys are done in all the capacities to check out the positioning of a product or service. For instance to check out the impact of a certain mobile phone among users and customers, cell phone market survey will be done which will give deep insight about what consumers think of it. It will also explain that what are its drawbacks, advantages and who are its customers. A set of

Create atmosphere Essay Example for Free

Create atmosphere Essay Media Studies Assignment: In Extract from Die Another Day analyse the way in which director Lee Tamaton has used the following to create atmosphere The scene that I will be analysing is the Ice Chase scene in which Zao the villain is chasing James Bond on the ice lake- as his aim is to rescue his lover played by Halle Berry which Zao is trying to prevent. The audience is taken in the scene with an opening aerial shot of Bond in the Aston and Zao in the Jaguar as they are on the chase. With the use of non-diegetic sound of fast car music and diegetic sound of car screeching that the director implements reflects the rush and anxiety of both rivals on the chase to kill. The director cuts from long sweeping aerial shots to medium shots which is used to emphasize on the car movements following into close up shots of both characters. This is used so the audience can see the expressions of both characters where James has a straight face which emphasises on his intelligence, confidence and collective attitude towards his fast movements whereas we see a contrast of Zaos disfurged expressions which portray a evil and reactive ability of his nature to kill this adds tension towards the sequence of adventure displayed leaving the audience in suspense of what to expect from the two challenging opponents. As the audience is exposed with cuts of medium between long and close-up shots help to give the sequence balance keeping the audience focused on the main characters and excited until they are at the edge of their seats. As music gets faster and louder the acceleration of the car then slows down this crescendo is emphasised so that the audience focuses on the actions of bond and Zao in the car. Therefore this relates to their techniques of immediacy needed where the use of tracking shots are employed so the audience can see both characters taking advantage of firing missals, rockets and gunshots at each other continuously engineered by their cars. Their high powered gadget packed sports cars relates to the familiar trademark used in bond films. The cross cutting of the three stories where Halle is trying to escape inside of the ice mountain and the other scene from space creates suspense. These different editing speeds of fast motion and then the slow down of motion in between the different shots draws attention to the audience the main features of action which is the ice chase scene. At the part where Bonds car is upside down Zao locks onto fire a heat seeker with the use of computer system Bond presses his ejected seat where the audience see the pivoting of the car upwards in seconds just before the rocket whizzes by this illustrates to the audience that bond is a precise professional alert man and this is a moment where the natural trait of perfection of Bond is demonstrated. This part of the scene brings the audience to a calm feeling after the climax has been minimised by Bonds careful reactions. The directors use of stunts from the heat sensors, computer time bombs and missals are conventions expected in Bond films as this leads to dramatic climax of action and leaves the audience burning with excitement of what it going to happen next and gives more realism to the culture of the scene. The diegetic sound of these properties adds realism and an exciting atmosphere within the scene as the tracking shot employs the captive fast action of these elements. As James is in his car the denotation of his dress code which is black suit and sleek hair connotes to the audience his natural charisma and precise movements against his rival. This is another convention of Bonds styles in his films. Whereas the villain is dressed sporty and this signifies a thugged out style and a man who spontaneously thinks who is fast and dangerous but cannot outsmart Bond. Natural light is used to portray the cold, edgy atmosphere surrounded by ice elements of rocks and the lake; this creates an unbalanced atmosphere of a calm bright vista which is irony to the action portrayed in the scene. The use of back projection of ice rocks adds realism of natural tranquillity and isolates the two characters within the scene Computer generated images are used as the audience is shown a cut in space where the light from satellite reflects directly on the outer edges of the ice palate. The director uses this method to create a pattern of expectations throughout the film and leaves the audience in tension of dangerous consequences that could occur from this. The director portrays a long shot at the ending of the sequence, where the audience visualise Bond in the Aston speeding with Zao in the Jaguar following him. This is portrayed so that the audience capture the speed and density of driving on the blue colouring spread on the ice lake to give a glossy real effect where the shot also adds distance and a cold wiery atmosphere that Bond escapes from in which the scene ends. My conclusion of Tamatons use of spectacular physical action in the Ice chase scene of explosions, chases and battles adds to the narrative of the story and the deployment of state-of -art special effects to emphasis in performance on athletic feats and stunts. This has been a conventional trend from the 1980s and a dominant trend in the 1990. Therefore these natural conventions in the scene that Tamaton has used create the expected atmosphere of unprediction and tension that builds up playing on these important elements. This is why the Ice lake scene has given a cold exciting thrilling atmosphere and exhilaration to the audiences expectations from the beginning and the ending of the scene.

civil war :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Civil War was one of the bloodiest wars of all time, and it was fought by people of the same country. It is amazing to think that such a thing could have happened to this country. About 260,000 rebel soldiers and 373,000 Union soldiers were killed (Text, pg. 378). The reason for such a high number of deaths is mainly because most battles of the war involved about 200,000 soldiers. With this many people fighting at once, there are bound to be a huge number of deaths. Another factor to the high death count is the fact that newer and better weapons were being developed. The new technology allowed guns to be more accurate and even more deadly. This, combined with the lack of medical attention, made it more likely that you would die in battle, than survive. Many soldiers could not make it to medics in time, and even when they got there, many of the medics were not sufficiently trained. This is sad to see, but they needed all the â€Å"doctors† they could get .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Alger, Cahan, and Gold, success usually was trading rags for respectability, not for great wealth (Text, pg. 472). Most of Alger’s stories tended to be glorified. Not many people really did make it the way that Alger’s characters did. Cahan gives a more realistic tale of this rag to riches theory by showing the spiritual loss that comes along with the material gain. Gold tells even grimmer stories of people how just flat out don’t â€Å"make it†. These are all different views on the theory, but all have truth behind them. Historians generally measured success by categorizing occupations. They then do random questioning and see what nationalities have become more successful according to job ranking. This is extremely inaccurate. First of all, there is no way that each nationality is fairly represented in these polls. Some countries, or even people, looking at the micro level, may judge success in different ways.

The Anger We All Share Essays -- Biology Essays Research Papers

The Anger We All Share Anger, it is an emotion that we are all familiar with and in a way, an important part of the average normally functioning human. Who hasn't encountered anger in a friend, family member, or even the random person you met on the street? In literature, it is absolutely necessary in order to generate a tale with the right tension and motive for character behavior. Authors use creative wording to fashion the various images necessary to convey this emotion: fiery, smoldering, explosive, seething, etc., they're all employed to describe anger. Anger seems to be something we can't avoid. Every time you're bitter, cynical, holding a grudge, sullen, or frustrated, it was either because of anger you're experiencing these emotions or will result in anger. So what is anger, and what causes it? Why does this emotion play such an important part in our lives, and in some cases, cause so much trouble? Anger can be mild, as with annoyance at a younger sibling, or intense like the rage felt if you returned home to find it burglarized. Though in this society, we have generally been taught that anger is bad, this is actually a normal and healthy emotion (1). That is, if experienced in moderation; anything to excess tends to result in trouble. When anger gets out of control, it can become a serious problem, which could not only damage your relationships with other people but also leave you feeling helpless to an unpredictable emotion (1). The Forebrain, namely the Cerebellum, is responsible for our emotions, anger being one of them (8). Like other strong emotions, it is accompanied by physiological and biological changes. These changes include, but aren't restricted to, the increase of heart rate and blood pressure, a... ...er, theories about how and why aggression develops, and means of preventing or coping with anger http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap7/ 3)He@lth: Anger and Aggression, Consumer tips http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/newsletter/FPN_4_22.html 4)Heart Information Network, Anger and its effect on the heart: a review of research studies http://www.heartinfo.org/main.asp 5)Angermgnt.com: Building Better Human Relationships, Anger Toolkit http://www.angermgmt.com/techniques.html 6)Counseling and Career Center, A Brigham Young University Website http://www.byu.edu/ccc/counseling/anger.shtml 7)Mean Genes, Comparing aggression in humans and other primates http://detnews.com/1997/accent/9707/09/07090017.htm 8)The Brain, Biology and Behavior, A number of definitions regarding the brain http://onlinelearning.tc.cc.va.us/faculty/tcmuthj/notes3.htm

Things Fall Apart: Okonkwo’s Perspective

Autoimmune had been with our family for three years, so I really didn't count on things changing. When Queued told that the oracle ordered him dead I was shocked. I didn't know what to do. I thought maybe Beriberi would know what to do, but I was even more confused after leaving his compound. How could I let someone Just kill this boy who called me father, but I wasn't willing to let anyone call me a coward. So I did what had to be done, I told Autoimmune that he was going home.I knew that Autoimmune had mixed emotions about this situation, I too had mixed emotions but it was time for him to go now. I knew Known had looked up to Autoimmune, but I didn't think he would take It this hard. Although I saw nothing, I could sense that Known was very hurt by this decision, and the way he looked at my face told me that he knew what was to happen to this boy, whom he called a brother. The day that we got rid of Autoimmune was a day that I will never forget. The men all came to my compound. We were all dressed up In our finest cloths.The men brought palm-wine, which Autoimmune was to carry. We started that the journey with everyone talking to with one another. We walked and it seemed like with every step I got even more nervous. It was too late to chicken out. Everyone would think that I was a coward if Autoimmune was not killed. I was sweating just thinking about it. How was I supposed to do such a horrified act? Autoimmune was like a son to me and for me to Just all of a sudden break that bond was the hardest thing I ever had to do. But it was the only choice I had.I was not about o be ridiculed and called a coward or womanly. My father was a failure and I refuse to be one, just as he was, so I had to kill Autoimmune. When it came to the time to kill Autoimmune one of the men coughed. As soon as he did this Autoimmune was forced to look straight ahead. Autoimmune knew something was not right. The demeanor of the men had changed. Within minutes the man who coughed had s truck Autoimmune and he had fallen down. At this point I didn't know what to do but to continue. As Autoimmune called out for me, I burst through the men and killed Autoimmune.As I struck him he fell and blood ran from his body as if it were running from a water fall. I could only continue as I heard him call out â€Å"father†. Nevertheless, I was a man for doing what the oracle told me to do and for doing something for my people. I didn't realize what I had did until it was over. It was as if I as In a haze when the killing occurred. I Immediately felt guilt and remorse came over me. I couldn't believe what I had done. I had killed a child. I had killed a child who once called me father.I was sad, but I could not let this control. I had to hide my emotions and act as a man, strong, fearless and emotionless. I had to move on. Things Fall Apart: Ginkgo's Perspective By megabyte really didn't count on things changing. When Queued told that the oracle ordered him dead I was shoc ked. I didn't know what to do. I thought maybe Beriberi would know Autoimmune, but I didn't think he would take it this hard. Although I saw nothing, I loud sense that Known was very hurt by this decision, and the way he looked at my came to my compound.We were all dressed up in our finest cloths. The men brought We started that the Journey with everyone talking to with one another. We walked sweating Just thinking about it. How was I supposed to do such a horrified act? Refuse to be one, Just as he was, so I had to kill Autoimmune. Coughed had struck Autoimmune and he had fallen down. At this point I didn't know was in a haze when the killing occurred. I immediately felt guilt and remorse came I couldn't believe what I had done. I had killed a child. I had killed a child who once

Watership Down essays

Watership Down essays AUTHOR Watership Down was written by Richard Adams, who was born May 9, 1920, in Berkshire, England. He won two awards for this novel. He is still living. Hazel became the leader of the rabbits once they left their original warren. He was a very smart and tricky rabbit who won the respect and trust of the other rabbits by his courage and many great deeds. He always handled problems calmly so others would also remained calm. Whenever a plan was needed, Hazel would always come up with one. Fiver, the younger brother of Hazel, was unique because of his small size and ability to foresee danger. He saved the rabbits from death by warning some rabbits of the danger. Bigwig, a great fighting and courageous rabbit, was essential for the success of the traveling rabbits. He loved to fight and always did his best to protect the others. He was also the bird Kehaars best friend and enjoyed spending time with him. Blackberry was the most intelligent rabbit in the group. For example, he made a boat to cross a river although the others had never even seen or understood the floating concept. Blackberry always helped Hazel to think of ideas when problems arose. Dandelion, another smart rabbit, was known for his speed and for his great story telling of El-ahrairah, the rabbit folk hero. He could always tell stories which distracted and eased the rabbits from problems. Pipkin, a good friend of Fiver, was small like Fiver but acted as if he was as big as Bigwig. He always did what he was told and never complained. One day Fiver, sensing danger, convinced his brother Hazel that they must leave their warren. Hazel tried to warn the Chief Rabbit of the danger, but he did not listen. Hazel gathered a group and went along the brook until they reached another warren of rabbits. These rabbits were very strange and acted differently from other rabbits. Hazel and his group decided to leave after Bigwig got ca ...

German Textbook Guide

German Textbook Guide Textbooks for German The first decision you have to make in selecting a textbook for German is whether you want a text published in your country and targeted for a specific (American, British, Italian, etc.) audience, or a more universal, all-German Deutsch als Fremdsprache text published by a German publisher. The listing below includes German publishers and those in other countries. Most textbooks are also aimed at a specific age-level and often target either a college or school level. In our list youll find the textbooks listed alphabetically by title- with an indication of the target level (young learners, middle school, high school, college). We also plan to add a list of supplementary texts soon- for TPR, cultural, literary, or anthology books for German. The listing for textbooks below describes the materials offered (teachers guide, workbook, CDs, cassettes, etc.) and the general program for each text. (Such descriptions come from the publisher or textbook vendors and are intended only as a general guide.) A Web link is included for each textbook publishers site. The target level for each title is indicated by the following abbreviations: C college, adults, HS high school, MS middle school/junior high, YL young learners/elementary school. TEXTBOOK TITLES for GERMAN (with level) Auf Deutsch! (MS/HS) Publ: McDougal Littel. From the publisher: A three-level, multi-component German program with print, audio, and integrated technology components that are keyed to the Fokus Deutsch video series. Extensive teacher support and strategies designed to address multiple intelligences, and various learning styles and ability levels. Blick 1 (MS/HS) Publ: Hueber Verlag. Intermediate German for teenagers and young adults in three volumes. Each volume offers a textbook (with CD), a workbook, and a teachers guide. Hueber also has a nice Web site for teachers (in German). Deutsch aktiv neu (HS) Langenscheidt. This textbook is written entirely in German for beginning students. Its topics are of high interest and familiarity so the students are drawn into participation. The learning is done in context, which draws students into the language and culture quicker. The page-by-page glossaries and the strong emphasis on grammar aid the student in language acquisition. Three levels, each with textbook, workbook, glossary, teachers manual, and audio cassettes. Deutsch aktuell (MS/HS) Publ: EMC/Paradigm. The fifth edition (2004) is not just a revised edition, but a totally rewritten textbook. Developed in response to needs expressed by teachers throughout the US, it incorporates a well-balanced approach emphasizing communication and a logical progression of language structure. Also available as an interactive CD-ROM. Textbook, annotated teachers edition, workbook, audio CDs, testing program, TPR storytelling manual, and more. Three-level program plus other German materials. Deutsch: Na klar! (HS/C) Publ: McGraw Hill. An introductory German course that claims to motivate students and stimulate interest in the culture and language through its approach to authentic materials that illustrate vocabulary in context, communicative functions of grammatical structures, and cultural points. Features activities and exercises, an easy-to-follow chapter structure, and an array of multimedia supplements. Fokus Deutsch (HS/C) Publ: McGraw Hill. A three-level German text created in collaboration with the Annenberg/CPB project, WGBH/Boston, and the McGraw-Hill Companies- along with Inter Nationes and the Goethe-Institut. The program immerses students in the reality of German life, history, and culture. The comprehensive package also includes such multimedia supplements as a CD-ROM resource for instructors and a text-specific Web site. Komm mit! (MS/HS) Publ: HRW. One of the most-used high school German textbooks in the US. Three levels with textbook, teachers edition, workbooks, and multimedia for the classroom. See some sample cultural Web supplements for this textbook from the publisher. You can also download PDF files for detailed descriptions of aspects of this series from the HRW Web site. Kontakte: A Communicative Approach (HS/C) Publ: McGraw Hill. A German text based on and inspired by the Natural Approach, pioneered by Tracy D. Terrell (the late co-author). Students learn German through communicative contexts with an emphasis on the four skills as well as cultural competence, with grammar functioning as an aid to language learning, rather than as an end in itself. Text and instructors manual, workbook, CD-ROM, and book Web site. Passwort Deutsch (HS/C) Publ: Klett Edition Deutsch. A five-level communicative and activity-oriented text for Zertifikat Deutsch preparation. Reading texts and exercises help students develop oral comprehension, speaking, reading and writing skills, with emphasis on vocabulary and grammar. Textbook, teachers guide, vocabulary booklet, audio CDs. Plus Deutsch (HS/C) Publ: Hueber Verlag. Text/workbook, teachers guide, CDs, German-English glossary (Level I). Focus on communication skills and grammar. Each of three levels contains a variety of texts ranging from comics, poems, and short stories to reports and interviews related to the culture and civilization of German-speaking countries. Exercises for vocabulary and structures, and color illustrations. Schritte 1-6 (HS/C) Publ: Hueber A complete six-level German program with student text, workbooks, and audio CDs for teens to adults. Sowieso (YL/MS) Publ: Langenscheidt. A three-volume textbook series for beginners age 12 and up. An English edition (A German Course for Young People) is also available. Stufen international (MS/HS) Publ: Klett Edition Deutsch. Three levels, each volume with 10 lessons. Everyday topics in full color, conversation, grammar, information, pronunciation, and practice activities. Text/workbook, teachers handbook, exercise book, audio cassettes. This text also has its own online forum. Tamburin (YL) Publ: Hueber. Three levels with activities and audio. Teacherss guide, workbook, audio CDs. For children. Themen neu (HS/C) Publ: Hueber Verlag. The updated edition of this popular college/high school textbook maintains the quality of the original, but written and oral comprehension exercises are now introduced earlier and intensively practiced in the first volume. Important grammar, in particular the perfect tense, are dealt with early on. Two levels with textbook, workbook, CDs or cassettes, teachers guide, and an English-German glossary (Level I). Theres also a special level three Zertifikatsband for students who intend to pass the Zertifikat Deutsch exam. Do you know of a good German texbook we havent listed here? Contact your Guide.